A new concept promoted in the European Union, the bioeconomy, can contribute to sustainable economic growth, which respects the environment and promotes renewable resources. The transition to a sustainable economy, supported by bio principles is based on technology, economic profitability and awareness by members of society. This paper addresses this concept and analyzes the European Union's strategy in the field of bioeconomy and funding instruments to achieve this goal. The paper also presents a brief analysis of the indicators that allows the monitoring of the bioeconomic sectors from the economic, social and environmental point of view. The bioeconomy must become a reality in every Member State of the European Union.
La promulgación de la Ley 3/2007, de 22 de marzo, para la igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres, ha sido consecuencia de la acción pública de la sociedad democrática en favor de la igualdad de la mujer. Sin lugar a duda, este reconocimiento normativo de la igualdad constituye un paso importante, pero no suficiente. Un relevante instrumento para completar el anterior reconocimiento sería la negociación colectiva. La negociación colectiva representa una autentica oportunidad para dotar de real contenido la igualdad efectiva entre hombres y mujeres. El principal propósito de la negociación colectiva sería la fijación de pautas justas en la delimitación de la clasificación profesional por ser esta un engranaje de diferenciación profesional y salarial. Los convenios colectivos han de precisar los criterios en los que han de sustentarse los diferentes grupos y categorías profesionales en una empresa. ; The promulgation of Law 3/2007, of March 22, for the effective equality of women and men, has been a consequence of the public action of the democratic society in favor of the equality of women. Undoubtedly, this normative recognition of equality is an important step, but is not enough. An important instrument to complete the previous recognition would be the collective bargaining. Collective bargaining represents a real opportunity to provide effective content for effective equality between men and women. The main purpose of collective bargaining would be to establish fair rules in the delimitation of the professional classification as this is a mechanism of professional and salary differentiation. Collective agreements must specify the criteria on which the different groups and professional categories in a company must be based.
The research conducted within this paper focuses on the basic coordinates of flexicurity models for ten E.U. Member States in Central and Eastern Europe (C.E.E.), both through the efforts performed nationally within the framework of flexibility and security as well as by the flexicurity states, and effects on workers and the overall economic activity. The aim is to form clusters that will group the analysed countries according to their performances achieved under three basic flexicurity dimensions: external numerical flexibility, income security, and employment security. The results show that the C.E.E. countries have adopted different flexicurity models and associated measures, some focusing on improving flexibility by softening the employment protection legislation or designing flexible working arrangements, while others are concentrating more on employee protection with tight employment regulations (associated with relatively high degrees of income security) with different performances in terms of flexicurity output (states and effects) and labour market outcomes. The impact of various flexicurity measures upon labour productivity in C.E.E. countries is also extremely significant, being largely discussed within the paper.
The paper aims to analyse the effects induced by labour mobility within the European Union, focusing both on emigration and immigration effects for major sending and host economies in terms of the overall economic activity, empowering the business enterprise sector and labour market, as well as on economic (labour force) and non-economic (humanitarian, asylum seekers) migration. Labour mobility within the European Union is an important coordinate of the economic integration process and one of the freedoms granted to the member states, with significant consequences upon their economies. Nevertheless, the international labour migration mainly resides from wage differentials, working conditions or opportunities between sending and host economies, thus proving to be an important symbol of global economic inequality. Taking into consideration all these aspects, our analysis is based on developing various double-log fixed (LSDV) and random (ECM) effects models, using a panel structure that covers five main EU destination countries and ten New EU Member States, respectively a complex set of indicators compiled during 2000-2014 and 2006-2015. The models are processed through OLS and GLS methods of estimation, as well as by using the correlated panels corrected standard errors (PCSE) method, being completed by in-sample and out-of-sample predictions. The results show that immigration flows have important economic consequences leading to significant changes in labour market performances both for natives and foreign population (decreases in employment rates and lowering wage levels). Still, one of the most important positive effects of immigration reflected by the results obtained is represented by an increase in the number of innovative enterprises in the host country, thus confirming the theories linking migration to innovation. In terms of labour emigration, there is evidence to attest that it generates positive effects on the main sending economies from Central and Eastern Europe on the GDP per capita, earnings and exports, especially through remittances, but the overall negative impact is predominant.
Purpose: Economic actors tend to exert powerful impact on socio-economic and political developments around the globe, including yielding financial and political crises in developed democracies. Approach/Methodology/Design: While a number of studies discuss the impact of finance on political and societal reality, research on the interlink between finance and democratic processes is very limited. Drawing on secondary literature and a case study of two young Central-European democracies, this paper contends a relationship between financial economy and democratic backsliding. Findings: The findings challenge the existing conventional accounts of the reversal to authoritarian politics in Poland and Hungary. Practical Implications: They also identify a mismatch between the constitutional foundations for embedding the market within the society and its institutions on the one hand, and the political-institutional reality in contemporary democracies. Originality/Value: The research provides theoretical assumptions encouraging further study on unwelcome externalities produced by financial markets. ; peer-reviewed
Given the amplitude of migration in Europe and its potential to encourage or hinder the agricultural development, the general objective of this paper is to assess this possible potential on the long term, within a sustainable development frame of reference. Along these lines, we have built up several scenarios that focus on the agricultural results attained by ten EU Member States mainly targeted by immigrants, throughout the 2020-2025 period (sustainable development extrapolation). We have elaborated a set of indicators and within a panel in order to implement the spatial analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM), as methodological endeavour. The results obtained, verified by testing four hypotheses, show that a positive tendency in terms of increased government agri-innovation support is revealed on the long run, through the economic (labour) migration. Our findings outline that conclusive results of labour immigration could reverse generating unbalances in the agricultural sector. Thus, the need to develop accurate tailored policies is more than necessary by acknowledging the complex problems of the rural areas and those of international migration, as well as the major discrepancies among countries and stronger socio-economic interconnections. ; Uzevši u obzir veličinu migracija u Evropi i njihov potencijal da poboljšaju ili unazade poljoprivredni razvoj, opšti cilj ovog rada je da proceni njihove potencijalne dugoročne posledice, u okviru referentnog okvira održivog razvoja. S tim u vezi, razradili smo nekoliko scenarija koji se fokusiraju na poljoprivredni razvoj deset zemalja-članica EU sa najvećim prilivom imigranata, u period 2020-2025 (ekstrapolacija održivog razvoja). Razradili smo set pokazatelja da bismo implementirali prostornu analizu i modeliranje strukturalnih jednačina (SEM), kao metodološki napor. Dobijeni rezultati, verifikovani tertiranjem četiri hipoteze, pokazuju da se na duge staze otkriva pozitivna tendencija u smislu povećane državne podrške agri-inovacijama, kroz ekomomsku ...
Los procedimientos de homogeneización han ido ganando cada vez más énfasis en el campo del análisis numérico de los materiales compuestos. Un procedimiento de homogenización se basa sobre la hipótesis de que existe un set de ecuaciones o un elemento de volumen representativo que puede proporcionar una respuesta equivalente a la del material real. Un procedimiento de homogeneización multiescala será enseñado donde el comportamiento del material compuesto se obtiene a través de un estudio en su microescala donde la interacción entre sus materiales componentes con sus respectivas propiedades se modeliza a través de un modelo RVE. La formulación propuesta utiliza una función de activación del modelo nolineal en la escala estructural y su objetivo es evaluar si un punto de material está en el rango elástico o nolineal. Como consecuencia, la metodología desarrollada únicamente resuelve el problema microscópico de condición en la frontera en aquellos elementos de volumen representativo (RVE) que están en el rango nolineal. El procedimiento se usará para la simulación nolineal de un material compuesto tipo sándwich formado por eco-composites, ensayado en un test de flexión a cuatro puntos. ; This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competividad through the project BIAS2015-67807-R(RESCICLO) and by European Union EU-H2020 (Agreement No 690638)and the People's Republic of China (Agreement No [2016]92)(ECOCOMPASS). All this support is gratefully acknowledged. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)
Population aging and public health expenditure mainly dedicated to older dependent persons present major challenges for the European Union (EU) Member States, with profound implications for their economies and labor markets. Sustainable economic development relies on a well-balanced workforce of young and older people. As this balance shifts in favor of older people, productivity tends to suffer, on the one hand, and the older group demands more from health services, on the other hand. These requisites tend to manifest differently within developed and developing EU countries. This research aimed to assess population aging impacts on labor market coordinates (employment rate, labor productivity), in the framework of several health dimensions (namely, health government expenditure, hospital services, healthy life years, perceived health) and other economic and social factors. The analytical approach consisted of applying structural equation models, Gaussian graphical models, and macroeconometric models (robust regression and panel corrected standard errors) to EU panel data for the years 1995&ndash ; 2017. The results show significant dissimilarities between developed and developing EU countries, suggesting the need for specific policies and strategies for the labor market integration of older people, jointly with public health expenditure, with implications for EU labor market performance.
Population aging and public health expenditure mainly dedicated to older dependent persons present major challenges for the European Union (EU) Member States, with profound implications for their economies and labor markets. Sustainable economic development relies on a well-balanced workforce of young and older people. As this balance shifts in favor of older people, productivity tends to suffer, on the one hand, and the older group demands more from health services, on the other hand. These requisites tend to manifest differently within developed and developing EU countries. This research aimed to assess population aging impacts on labor market coordinates (employment rate, labor productivity), in the framework of several health dimensions (namely, health government expenditure, hospital services, healthy life years, perceived health) and other economic and social factors. The analytical approach consisted of applying structural equation models, Gaussian graphical models, and macroeconometric models (robust regression and panel corrected standard errors) to EU panel data for the years 1995–2017. The results show significant dissimilarities between developed and developing EU countries, suggesting the need for specific policies and strategies for the labor market integration of older people, jointly with public health expenditure, with implications for EU labor market performance.
Good governance promotes the fundamental grounds of participation and democracy in contemporary public administration, whilst institution building and the (in)effectiveness of public administration is linked to economic growth. This synergy brings forth sheer implications on the sustainable economic development. On this composite setting, the paper examines several fundamental credentials of public administration in the European Union (EU) countries, in relation to economic development, but also poverty, research, and development support, as representative socio-economic credentials. The empirical analysis is based on data covering the 1995&ndash ; 2017 lapse of time, processed through three econometric procedures, namely robust regression, structural equation modeling, and Gaussian graphical models. The main results emphasize that there are significant joint implications of public administration on the considered socio-economic dimensions. General government spending and, particularly, the environmental support, have positive implications on the European Union economies, leading to significant increases in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and downsize in poverty risk (more emphasized in regard to the government expenditures than the environmental protection). Overall, the quality of governance in EU countries requires an additional effort dedicated to leverage good public governance in order to support the long-term economic development.
Good governance promotes the fundamental grounds of participation and democracy in contemporary public administration, whilst institution building and the (in)effectiveness of public administration is linked to economic growth. This synergy brings forth sheer implications on the sustainable economic development. On this composite setting, the paper examines several fundamental credentials of public administration in the European Union (EU) countries, in relation to economic development, but also poverty, research, and development support, as representative socio-economic credentials. The empirical analysis is based on data covering the 1995−2017 lapse of time, processed through three econometric procedures, namely robust regression, structural equation modeling, and Gaussian graphical models. The main results emphasize that there are significant joint implications of public administration on the considered socio-economic dimensions. General government spending and, particularly, the environmental support, have positive implications on the European Union economies, leading to significant increases in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and downsize in poverty risk (more emphasized in regard to the government expenditures than the environmental protection). Overall, the quality of governance in EU countries requires an additional effort dedicated to leverage good public governance in order to support the long-term economic development.
Good governance promotes the fundamental grounds of participation and democracy in contemporary public administration, whilst institution building and the (in)effectiveness of public administration is linked to economic growth. This synergy brings forth sheer implications on the sustainable economic development. On this composite setting, the paper examines several fundamental credentials of public administration in the European Union (EU) countries, in relation to economic development, but also poverty, research, and development support, as representative socio-economic credentials. The empirical analysis is based on data covering the 1995–2017 lapse of time, processed through three econometric procedures, namely robust regression, structural equation modeling, and Gaussian graphical models. The main results emphasize that there are significant joint implications of public administration on the considered socio-economic dimensions. General government spending and, particularly, the environmental support, have positive implications on the European Union economies, leading to significant increases in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and downsize in poverty risk (more emphasized in regard to the government expenditures than the environmental protection). Overall, the quality of governance in EU countries requires an additional effort dedicated to leverage good public governance in order to support the long-term economic development.
Abstract The "Innovating the Use of Labour Market Intelligence within European Universities" (LMI-EUniv) project, set within the Erasmus+ programme's Key Action 2, represents a pioneering effort to harness Labour Market Intelligence (LMI) for enhancing the alignment between higher education offerings and labour market demands across Europe. This initiative, led by a consortium including the West University of Timisoara, University of Milano-Bicocca, University of Tallinn, Prospektiker, and the Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, aimed to explore the current utilisation of labour market information and intelligence by European universities in planning and delivering their educational provisions. With a focus on fostering the congruence of educational supply with labour market demand through innovative learning and teaching methodologies, the project sought to empower Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with the skills and competencies necessary to meet these challenges. By mapping essential LMI sources at a national level, examining the use of LMI across European HEIs, and developing a comprehensive training course and an online Labour Market Intelligence Hub, this project aspired to create an indispensable reference for HEIs. This article synthesises the project's key findings, underscoring the critical role of labour market intelligence in adapting academic curricula to meet specific labour market needs, thereby contributing to the broader discourse on the integration of LMI in higher education and its implications for curriculum development, graduate employability, and the overarching alignment between education and labour market expectations.
