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The Dynamics of Resource Tenure in West Africa, edited by Camilla Toulmin, Philippe Lavigne Delville and Samba Traore. Oxford: James Currey, 2002. xiii + 244 pp. 15.95 paperback. ISBN 0-85255-419-2 (paperback)
In: African affairs: the journal of the Royal African Society, Band 102, Heft 408, S. 532-533
ISSN: 1468-2621
Little Moltke
In: Current History, Band 52, Heft 4, S. 10-10
ISSN: 1944-785X
McCormick of the "Times"
In: Current History, Band 50, Heft 5, S. 27-27
ISSN: 1944-785X
A Program for Land Use in Northern Minnesota.O. B. Jesness , R. I. Nowell
In: The American journal of sociology, Band 42, Heft 3, S. 452-453
ISSN: 1537-5390
The Responsibility of Overproduction for Agricultural Depression
In: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Band 14, Heft 3, S. 48
The trend in the farm ownership
In: The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Heft 231, S. 20-26
ISSN: 0002-7162
Farm ownership and tenancy
In: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Band 11, S. 369-378
ISSN: 0065-0684
Applied Economics. James Mavor
In: Journal of political economy, Band 23, Heft 2, S. 188-191
ISSN: 1537-534X
Not Fair Enough: Historic and Institutional Barriers to Fair Trade Coffee in El Salvador
Why do relatively few Salvadoran farmers sell to Fair Trade certified markets? This article examines the proximate and root causes that limit the participation of coffee smallholders in Fair Trade markets. Drawing upon a historical analysis of rural coffee society in El Salvador as well as Fair Trade value chains and the empirical evidence from two case studies, one in El Salvador's Eastern mountains, and the second in the Western coffee growing region, this study illustrates the practical obstacles to participation in Fair Trade. It also shows how farmers are developing alternative marketing solutions such as direct trade and selling organic coffee domestically. The findings suggest that smallholders currently face at least five barriers to accessing Fair Trade, including: certification costs, economies of scale to cover coffee exports operations, stringent quality requirements and altitude constraints. However, the root causes of smallholder coffee farmers' limited access to Fair Trade are rooted in decades of state-based policies and politics that have undermined rural civil society, discouraged education, perpetuated uneven access to land and debt forgiveness, and repressed the development of dynamic cooperative unions with capacity to export smallholder coffee.
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