Suchergebnisse

Controlling and documenting migration via urban spaces of arrival in early modern Venice / Rosa Salzberg -- Controlling strangers : identifying migrants in early modern Frankfurt am Main / Jeannette Kamp -- Ordering identification : migrants, material culture and social bonds in Stockholm, 1650-1720 / Karin Sennefelt -- Documents and local networks : monitoring migrants and workers in eighteenth-century Turin / Beatrice Zucca Micheletto -- From community registers to domestic passports : the migration regime in Ottoman Istanbul / Sinan Dinçer -- Documents, migration, and governance in imperial Russian towns / Alison K. Smith -- Receiving, selecting and rejecting foreign migrants and refugees in port cities : a comparison of Bordeaux and Marseille during the early nineteenth century / Delphine Diaz -- The use of travel and identity documents in Antwerp during the second half of the nineteenth century / Ellen Debackere -- Mapping identification and municipal policy towards migration in fin-de-siècle Vienna and budapest / Markian Prokopovych -- The practice of control and the illusion of evidence : passport and personal identification in cities of Habsburg Austria / Peter Becker -- Producing the undocumented migrant : registration and deportation in early twentieth century London and Berlin / Christiane Reinecke -- Roma under surveillance in urban context : control, identification, and expulsion in Paris, Lyon, Marseille, 1900s-1930s / Ilsen About -- Conclusion : cities and states : papers and walls / Andreas Fahrmeir

This book focusses on the instruments, practices, and materialities produced by various authorities to monitor, regulate, and identify migrants in European cities from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries. Whereas research on migration regulation typically looks at local policies for the early modern period and at state policies for the contemporary period, this book avoids the stalemate of modernity narratives by exploring a long-term genealogy of migration regulation in which cities played a pivotal role. The case studies range from early modern Venice, Stockholm and Constantinople, to nineteenth- and twentieth-century port towns and capital cities such as London and Vienna.

Abstract
This article analyzes and demonstrates the declining social selectivity of migration distance in Europe's long nineteenth century and argues that this drove a radically new process of democratization of long-distance migration. It uses innovative spatial and quantitative analysis of nominal data on more than 5,000 international migrants who moved to the booming port city of Antwerp in present-day Belgium between 1850 and 1910. Examining the changes in migrants' origins and trajectories on the one hand, and in their profiles in terms of gender and occupations on the other hand, it argues that the main evolutions observed represent an overall loosening of the ancien régime link between migration distance on the one hand and social selectivity on the other hand. By focusing on gender and social class as markers of social selectivity and by mapping the impressive expansion of the trajectories of Antwerp's growing number of long-distance migrants, it lays bare the spatial, gender, and social dimensions that contributed to a general process of democratization of long-distance migration. As such, it sheds new light on the dynamics of Europe's so-called "mobility transition" in the long nineteenth century.

The recurrent wars of 1795-1815 coincided with numerous regime changes. Like many other port cities, Antwerp and Rotterdam faced unrest and economic insecurity, not least caused by Napoleon's Continental Blockade in 1806. Historical accounts tend to stress the deteriorating conditions for the business world resulting from the restrictions in maritime trade. This article will focus on how sugar traders and sugar refiners faced difficulties, which strategies they applied to overcome crises, and whether they were successful in their attempts or not. The highly remunerative strategies of redirection, diversification and specialisation were sustained by networks; networks that provided the necessary information, furthered the spreading of risk and enabled merchants to profit from new solutions or opportunities. Resilience was boosted further by the growing domestic market that was willing to pay high prices for a luxury item such as sugar. Above all, the affluent businessmen and larger firms managed to weather the times of crises particularly well. De revolutionaire oorlogsperiode 1795-1815 bracht vergaande politieke verschuivingen. Net als veel andere havensteden kregen Antwerpen en Rotterdam te maken met grote economische onzekerheid, vooral ook door de Continentale Blokkade van Napoleon in 1806. Historici hebben vooral de verslechterende omstandigheden voor het bedrijfsleven benadrukt, als gevolg van de toenemende beperkingen in de maritieme handel. In dit artikel gaan wij na hoe suikerhandelaren en suikerraffinadeurs met de problemen omgingen, welke strategieën ze toepasten om de crisis te overwinnen en of ze al dan niet daarin succesvol waren. Netwerken bleken onmisbaar voor het vinden van nieuwe markten, voor diversificatie en specialisatie. De juiste connecties zorgden voor de nodige informatie, bevorderden het spreiden van risico's en stelden de ondernemers in staat te profiteren van denieuwe kansen die de nieuwe politieke structuren boden. Een groeiende binnenlandse markt die bereid was hoge prijzen te betalen voor een luxeartikel als suiker versterkte de veerkracht. Vooral de rijkere ondernemers en de grotere bedrijven wisten de tijden van crises vrij goed te doorstaan.

Social inequality is one of the most pressing global challenges at the start of the 21st century. Meanwhile, across the globe at least half of the world?s population lives in urban agglomerations, and urbanisation is still expanding. This book engages with the complex interplay between urbanisation and inequality. In doing so it concentrates on the Low Countries, one of the oldest and most urbanised societies of Europe. It questions whether the historic poly-nuclear and decentralised urban system of the Low Countries contributed to specific outcomes in social inequality. In doing so, the authors look beyond the most commonly used perspective of economic inequality. They instead expand our knowledge by exploring social inequality from a multidimensional perspective. This book includes essays and case-studies on cultural inequalities, the relationship between social and consumption inequality, the politics of (in)equality, the impact of shocks and crises, as well as the complex social relationships across the urban network and between town and countryside

International audience ; This article provides the first comprehensive overview of the severity and impact of the Spanish flu in Belgium (1918–1919) and thereby makes a long overdue connection with the extensive international literature on pandemics in general and Spanish flu in particular. Leveraging ego documents (diaries), municipal-level excess mortality, and individual-level cause-of-death registers, we present new evidence on the chronology and spatial distribution of Spanish flu mortality in Belgium in 1918 and 1919 as well as social and demographic characteristics of the Spanish flu deaths in the city of Antwerp and discuss the government measures taken in the difficult context of the German occupation. In Belgium, our analysis shows that the chronology and geography of the Spanish flu cannot be seen in isolation from the vagaries of the First World War, in terms of soldiers and evacuees both acting as likely vectors of influenza transmission as well as inflating crude death rates at the municipal level. ; Cet article fournit la première vue d'ensemble de la gravité et de l'impact de la grippe espagnole en Belgique (1918-1919) et établit ainsi un lien longtemps attendu avec la vaste littérature internationale sur les pandémies en général et la grippe espagnole en particulier. En nous appuyant sur des documents personnels (journaux intimes), des registres de surmortalité au niveau communal et des registres de causes de décès au niveau individuel, nous présentons de nouvelles preuves de la chronologie et de la distribution spatiale de la mortalité due à la grippe espagnole en Belgique en 1918 et 1919, ainsi que des caractéristiques sociales et démographiques des décès dus à la grippe espagnole dans la ville d'Anvers, et nous discutons des mesures gouvernementales prises dans le contexte difficile de l'occupation allemande. En Belgique, notre analyse montre que la chronologie et la géographie de la grippe espagnole ne peuvent être considérées indépendamment des aléas de la Première Guerre mondiale, en ce ...

This article provides the first comprehensive overview of the severity and impact of the Spanish flu in Belgium (1918–1919) and thereby makes a long overdue connection with the extensive international literature on pandemics in general and Spanish flu in particular. Leveraging ego documents (diaries), municipal-level excess mortality, and individual-level cause-of-death registers, we present new evidence on the chronology and spatial distribution of Spanish flu mortality in Belgium in 1918 and 1919 as well as social and demographic characteristics of the Spanish flu deaths in the city of Antwerp and discuss the government measures taken in the difficult context of the German occupation. In Belgium, our analysis shows that the chronology and geography of the Spanish flu cannot be seen in isolation from the vagaries of the First World War, in terms of soldiers and evacuees both acting as likely vectors of influenza transmission as well as inflating crude death rates at the municipal level.

This article provides the first comprehensive overview of the severity and impact of the Spanish flu in Belgium (1918-1919) and thereby makes a long overdue connection with the extensive international literature on pandemics in general and Spanish flu in particular. Leveraging ego documents (diaries), municipal-level excess mortality, and individual-level cause-of-death registers, we present new evidence on the chronology and spatial distribution of Spanish flu mortality in Belgium in 1918 and 1919 as well as social and demographic characteristics of the Spanish flu deaths in the city of Antwerp and discuss the government measures taken in the difficult context of the German occupation. In Belgium, our analysis shows that the chronology and geography of the Spanish flu cannot be seen in isolation from the vagaries of the First World War, in terms of soldiers and evacuees both acting as likely vectors of influenza transmission as well as inflating crude death rates at the municipal level.

This article provides the first comprehensive overview of the severity and impact of the Spanish flu in Belgium (1918-1919) and thereby makes a long overdue connection with the extensive international literature on pandemics in general and Spanish flu in particular. Leveraging ego documents (diaries), municipal-level excess mortality, and individual-level cause-of-death registers, we present new evidence on the chronology and spatial distribution of Spanish flu mortality in Belgium in 1918 and 1919 as well as social and demographic characteristics of the Spanish flu deaths in the city of Antwerp and discuss the government measures taken in the difficult context of the German occupation. In Belgium, our analysis shows that the chronology and geography of the Spanish flu cannot be seen in isolation from the vagaries of the First World War, in terms of soldiers and evacuees both acting as likely vectors of influenza transmission as well as inflating crude death rates at the municipal level.