Suchergebnisse

Kineska komunistička partija (KPK) dominira političkom scenom Kine kao stub jednopartijskog sistema od 1949. godine, odnosno konstituisanja Narodne Republike Kine, pa sve do danas. Iako se ekonomski sistem današnje Kine umnogome razlikuje od onoga što se podrazumijeva pod komunističkim sistemom, KPK je zadržala komunističku retoriku koju vješto prilagođava novom ekonomskom modelu. Takođe, sam način vladanja je doživio određene promjene. Najznačajnija je svakako prelazak s vladavine jakih lidera na sistem kolektivnog liderstva. Sama tranzicija u vrhu partije je institucionalizirana i predstavlja jedan kompleksan način promjene vladajuće strukture, koji se posljednjih godina dešava mirnim putem. Iako ga mnogi smatraju za posljednjeg apsolutnog lidera KPK-a, Deng Xiaoping je uveo reforme koje su bile esencijalne za pojavu kolektivnog liderstva. Naime, on je bio inicijator dviju značajnih reformi koje su povele Kinu u tom pravcu. Jedna je svakako usvajanje penzijskog sistema za čitavu administraciju, a prije svega za lidere, te uvođenje limita od dva mandata za sve glavne funkcije. Ovakav način vladanja sprječava pojavu jakog lidera i pojavu diktature. Iako sistem ima svojih mana, on Kinu čini predvidivom silom u kojoj se važne odluke donose konsenzusom među raznim frakcijama u partiji. ; The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has maintained control over the Chinese political system since the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949. Although the Chinese economic system has experienced a drastic change, passing from socialist to more market-oriented economy, the CCP maintained the communist rhetoric that has been adapted to a new reality. Though the political system suffered significant modifications, it never made a U-turn towards liberal democracy. Yet, the most important reform is the transition from a country ruled by a strong leader, to what has been called a collective leadership. Accordingly, the leadership transition has been somehow institutionalized and became a complex process, which is happening in a peaceful way, avoiding major political turbulences. Deng Xiaoping, even though he could be indicated as the last absolute leader of China, promoted the reforms that eventually led to creation of collective leadership and a peaceful leadership transition. The most important aspects were the implementation of the pension system for administration and the top leadership positions, and the establishment of a maximum of two terms in office for all major positions in the country. The collective leadership prevents the possibility of a one-man show and the creation of a dictatorship. Although the system has its discrepancies, it makes PR China a predictable power in which the consensus-based decisionmaking process is intended to avoid struggles among various fractions and leaders in the Party.