Suchergebnisse

Salmonella is a leading source of bacterial foodborne illness in humans, causing gastroenteritis outbreaks with bacteraemia occurrences that can lead to clinical complications and death. Eggs, poultry and pig products are considered as the main carriers of the pathogenic Salmonella for humans. To prevent this relevant zoonosis, key changes in food safety regulations were undertaken to improve controls in the food production chain. Despite these measures, large outbreaks of salmonellosis were reported worldwide in the last decade. Thus, new strategies for Salmonella detection are a priority for both, food safety and public health authorities. Such detection systems should provide significant reduction in diagnostic time (hours) compared to the currently available methods (days). Herein, we report on the discovery and characterization of nucleic acid probes for the sensitive and specific detection of live Salmonella within less than 8 h of incubation. We are the first to postulate the nuclease activity derived from Salmonella as biomarker of infection and its utility to develop innovative detection strategies. Our results have shown the screening and identification of two oligonucleotide sequences (substrates) as the most promising probes for detecting Salmonella - Sal-3 and Sal-5. The detection limits for both probes were determined with the reference Salmonella Typhimurium (STM 1) and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE 1) cultures. Sal-3 has reported LOD values around 10(5) CFU mL(-1) for STM 1 and 10(4) CFU mL(-1) for SE 1, while Sal-5 proves to be a slightly better probe, with LODs of 10(4) CFU mL(-1) for STM 1 and 10(4) CFU mL(-1) for SE 1. Both selected probes have shown the capability to recognize 49 out of 51 different Salmonella serotypes tested in vitro and the most frequent serotypes in porcine mesenteric lymph nodes as a standard sample used in fattening-pig salmonellosis baseline studies. Notably, our results showed 100% correlation between nuclease detection and the PCR-InvA or ISO-6579 standard method, underlining the great potential of this innovative nucleic acids technology to be implemented as a rapid method for food safety testing. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ; Funding Agencies|MINNECO [PTQ-16-08414]; Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology [CDTI] [20161256]; Departamento de Industria, Energia e Innovacion of the Navarra government, Spain [2016 PT071, 2017 PT031]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University [2009-00971]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation

We sought to analyze, from the perspective of professors and students, the reasons and consequences of the expansion of undergraduate courses in nursing, discussing the dilemmas and the contradictions confronting the labor market. It was a qualitative study with data obtained from focus groups, conducted in 18 undergraduate nursing courses in the state of Minas Gerais, during the period of February to October of 2011. The narratives were submitted to critical discourse analysis. The results indicated that the education of the nurse was permeated by insecurity as to the future integration into the labor market. The insecurity translates into dilemmas that referred to employability and the precariousness of the working conditions. In this context, employment in the family health strategy emerges as a mirage. One glimpses the need for a political agenda with the purpose of discussion about education, the labor market and the determinants of these processes. ; En este estudio se buscó analizar, desde la perspectiva de los docentes y estudiantes, las razones y las consecuencias de la expansión de los cursos de pregrado en enfermería, discutiendo los dilemas y las contradicciones frente al mercado de trabajo. Estudio cualitativo con datos obtenidos de grupos focales, en 18 cursos de pregrado en enfermería en el Estado de Minas Gerais, en el período de febrero a octubre de 2011. Los relatos fueron sometidos al análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados indican que la formación del enfermero está impregnada de incertidumbre en relación a la futura inserción al mercado laboral. La incertidumbre se refleja en los dilemas que se relacionan con el empleo y las condiciones de trabajo precarias. En este contexto, el empleo en la estrategia de salud de la familia aparece como un espejismo. Se considera necesario tener una agenda política que regule la discusión sobre la formación, el mercado laboral y los factores determinantes de estos procesos. ; Procurou-se analisar, na perspectiva dos docentes e discentes, as razões e as consequências da expansão dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem, discutindo os dilemas e as contradições frente ao mercado de trabalho. Estudo qualitativo com dados obtidos de grupos focais realizados em 18 cursos de graduação em enfermagem do Estado de Minas Gerais, no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2011. As narrativas foram submetidas à análise crítica do discurso. Os resultados indicam que a formação do enfermeiro está permeada por insegurança quanto à futura inserção no mercado de trabalho. A insegurança traduz-se em dilemas que se referem à empregabilidade e à precarização das condições de trabalho. Neste contexto, o emprego na estratégia de saúde da família desponta como uma miragem. Vislumbra-se a necessidade de uma agenda política que paute a discussão sobre a formação, o mercado de trabalho e os determinantes desses processos.

Background: Hypertension frequently coexists with type 2 diabetes (DM), and increases the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of the study was to obtain/maintain blood pressure (BP) goals (ADA/JNC 7) according to a stepwise algorithm using the medication supplied by the Brazilian government. Methods: A one-year, single-arm interventional study conducted with type 2 diabetes patients. Intervention consisted of intensification of lifestyle changes and sequential prescription of drugs: diuretic; ACE inhibitors; β-adrenergic blocking agent and calcium channel blocking agent if BP >130/80 mmHg. Results: Seventy-eight patients completed the trial. During intervention, the number of antihypertensive tablets rose (3.6 ± 3.5 vs. 5.9 ± 3.5 pills/patient; p <0.001), as the number of antihypertensive classes increased (1.8 ± 1.0 vs. 2.70 ± 1.2; p < 0.01) and the overall drop of BP was 11 mmHg for SBP (145.0 ± 22.8 vs. 133.7 ± 20.9 mmHg; p < 0.01) and 5 mmHg for DBP (78.7 ± 11.5 vs. 73.7 ± 10.5 mmHg; p = 0.001). Although the number of patients with BP in target almost doubled [14 (18.7%) vs. 30 (38.5%) p = 0.008], less than 40% of the patients achieved the proposed goals. Conclusions: A BP algorithm applied to type 2 diabetic and hypertensive patients is able to lower BP, however more than half of the patients did not achieve the ADA/JNC 7 targets demonstrating the complexity of BP control in this population. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06260