The Informal Powers of Western European Presidents: A Way out of Weakness
In: Palgrave Studies in Presidential Politics
Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Who are weak Presidents? Presidents' characteristics and pathways to power -- Chapter 3: Election and Term of Weak Presidents -- Chapter 4: Constitutional Strength and the Use of Formal Powers -- Chapter 5: Presidential informal powers and their use -- Chapter 6: Informal Activism in practice: the Individual presidents' experiences -- Chapter 7: When presidents go public. An analysis of presidential major speeches.