Suchergebnisse

Personal insolvency rates vary considerably across local areas of England and Wales but the reasons for this have barely been explored. This paper presents an empirical study of the factors determining variations in personal insolvency rates in 2006 utilising newly available data. The results suggest that a number of economic and demographic factors are important including income, social benefits, age, occupation, public-sector and armed forces employment and level of local entrepreneurship. Significant spatial autocorrelation is evident in the dataset and three sub-regional clusters of local authorities are identified; one in the South West is characterised by adjacent areas with a high insolvency rate and two others in Wales and the North West that are characterised by low insolvency rates.

"In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir die Auswirkung von Externalitäten auf das Beschäftigungswachstum in den Subregionen von Großbritannien mit Hilfe einer OLS-Schätzung und räumlicher maximaler Wahrscheinlichkeitsmodelle auf zweistelliger Ebene für 23 Sektoren. Insbesondere gehen wir auf Aspekte der Bereiche Beziehung, Sektorunterschiede, Wettbewerb, grenzüberschreitende Übertragungen und räumliche Autokorrelation ein. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich eine Spezialisierung generell negativ auf das Wachstum auswirkt, während die Auswirkung von Vielfalt innerhalb der Sektoren heterogen ausfällt und ein starker lokaler Wettbewerb in der Regel positive Auswirkungen hat. Die Ergebnisse stellen den Nutzen von Politiken in Frage, die in erster Linie auf eine Förderung der regionalen Spezialisierung abzielen, und legen den Schluss nahe, dass Vielfalt, lokaler Wettbewerb und Sektor-Heterogenität wichtige politische Aspekte darstellen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

This paper examines the impact of externalities on employment growth in sub-regions of Great Britain by estimating OLS and maximum likelihood spatial models at the 2-digit level for 23 sectors. Issues arising from relatedness, sector differences, competition, cross-boundary spillovers and spatial autocorrelation are explicitly addressed. Results indicate that specialisation has a generally negative impact on growth whilst the impact of diversity is heterogeneous across sectors and strong local competition has a typically positive impact. The results question the merits of policies primarily aimed at promoting regional specialisation and suggest that diversity, local competition and sector heterogeneity are important policy issues.

This paper argues that effective local policy development requires a thorough understanding of patterns of spatial diversity involving the integration of theoretical work from geography, economics and management. An empirical analysis of diversity in Great Britain for the period 1995-2002 is presented utilising entropy measures of diversity. The results of empirical models of the determinants of diversity across sub-regions examine the significance of a number of explanatory factors including regional size, level of urbanisation, industry structure, market structure and key resources. Decomposing the model into related and unrelated diversity components reveals some important differences between the two types of diversity. The paper concludes that policies fostering long-term diversity are a crucial complement to policies focusing on key sectors.