Suchergebnisse

Random digit dial (RDD) telephone and self-administered school-based surveys of drinking and drinking and driving were compared foradolescents from two Northern California communities. The RDD and school-based surveys resulted in very different samples. The telephone sample contained a greater proportion of European Americans and a smaller proportion of Asian Americans and "other" ethnicities. Respondents to the telephone sample also tended to be older and of higher socioeconomic status (SES). The telephone survey captured very few school dropouts Moreover, it resulted in lower self-reports of drinking and drinking and driving. Survey mode appeared to influence respondents equally, regardless of their gender, age, ethnicity, or SES.

This study explores which youth are more likely to have parties at home, what factors are associated with the presence of alcohol at parties, and who supplies the alcohol. We collected data in 2011 and 2012 through telephone interviews with 1,121 teens living in 50 mid-sized California cities. Overall, about a quarter of teens reported having had a party at their house in the past 12 months, of whom 39% reported that there was alcohol at their last party. Multiple sources supplied alcohol for most parties. Seventy-two percent of those having a party stated that at least one of their parents knew about their last party, and 64% reported that a parent was home at least part of the time. Seventy percent of youth who hosted a party with alcohol said that their parent(s) definitely knew that there was alcohol at the party, 24% replied that their parent(s) probably knew, and only 5% said that their parent(s) did not know that there was alcohol at the party. Logistic regression analyses indicated that youth with parents who host parties at home are themselves more likely to host parties at home. Having alcohol at a party was positively related to the age of the teen and the number of guests attending, and was negatively related to parents' awareness of the party. However, we found no relationship between whether a parent was at home at the time of the party and whether it included alcohol. These findings suggest that teens who have parties with alcohol at home have parents who know that there is alcohol at the party, even though only a small number of parents provided alcohol for the party.

The Yakima (Washington State) Drinking and Driving Project was intended to change public attitudes toward drinking and driving, and to decrease its incidence by implement ing a two-day jail sentence for persons convicted of driving while intoxicated. This evaluation was undertaken to assess the implementation and impact of the Yakima Project. Data were obtained through surveys of the public and of law enforcement personnel and from official accident, Breathalyzer,® and court records. It was found that the jail sentence was well received by the law enforcement officers and by the public, and possibly led to changes in public attitudes. However, it did not reduce alcohol involvement in accidents and thus apparently did not decrease the incidence of drinking and driving. Lack of public awareness and variability in judicial enforcement were identified as factors that may have contributed to this failure.

This article summarizes two studies that use statewide school-based youth surveys to evaluate local initiatives to reduce alcohol and other substance abuse. The Vermont "New Directions" evaluation was conducted to assess the effects of a community-based intervention in 23 Vermont communities to reduce youth substance use. Outcome data were obtained from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which is administered to students in grades 8 through 12 every other year in almost all school districts in the state. Based on a quasi-experimental design, results indicated significant declines in cigarette and marijuana use in intervention districts relative to comparison districts during the study period, and led to legislative action to continue funding the initiative. The Oregon "Reducing Youth Access to Alcohol" study is now being conducted in 36 Oregon communities (45 school districts) with a randomized controlled design to evaluate six combined environmental strategies to reduce underage drinking. The strategies include a reward and reminder program and minor decoy operations to reduce commercial alcohol availability, party patrol dispersal and minor in possession arrests to reduce social alcohol availability, traffic emphasis, and media advocacy to increase visibility of policy enforcement activities. The Oregon Healthy Teens Survey has been administered in a large number of Oregon school districts annually since 2000 and is being used to assess intervention effects on alcohol availability, underage drinking and alcohol-related problems such as DUI. These studies illustrate how established statewide youth surveys offer important advantages for evaluating local substance abuse prevention policies and interventions.

Questions about who watched "Roots: The Next Generation" & with what effect are examined through separate sample pre- & posttest surveys of 2 eastern Wash cities, which obtained 500 pretest & 1,199 posttest responses from Wash's Tri-Cities, & 142 pretest & 142 posttest responses from Yakima. Evidence for selectivity in viewership of "Roots II" is obtained. Multivariate analysis shows that a general dimension of egalitarianism distinguished viewers from nonviewers, even when various personal & demographic variables were controlled. Tests for interactions between level of viewing & pretest-posttest showed no evidence of a significant effect of "Roots II" on egalitarianism. Modified HA.