Nanoparticles in Pharmacotherapy
In: Micro and Nano Technologies Ser.
Front Cover -- Nanoparticles in Pharmacotherapy -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 Pharmacotherapy and nanotechnology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Carriers for Antiinfective Therapy -- 1.3 Carriers for Antiinflammatory Therapy -- 1.4 Carriers for Anticancer Therapy -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Nanostructures in pharma: elixir to oral medicine -- 2.1 Nanocrystals -- 2.1.1 Mechanism of Nanocrystals Improved Performance and Properties -- 2.1.1.1 Surface area -- 2.1.1.2 Apparent solubility and supersaturation -- 2.1.1.3 Amorphous state of the nanocrystals -- 2.1.2 Manufacturing of Nanocrystals -- 2.1.3 Bottom-Up Techniques -- 2.1.3.1 Nanoprecipitation -- 2.1.3.2 Supercritical fluid processing -- 2.1.3.3 Spray drying -- 2.1.3.4 Freeze drying -- 2.1.3.5 Others -- 2.1.4 Top-Down Techniques -- 2.1.4.1 Nanomilling/media milling -- 2.1.4.2 High pressure homogenization -- 2.1.5 General Issues: Cause, Effect, and Solution -- 2.1.5.1 Crystal growth and agglomeration -- 2.1.5.2 Polymorphism -- 2.1.6 Characterization of Nanocrystals -- 2.1.6.1 Particle size analysis -- 2.1.6.2 Physical testing -- 2.1.6.3 Morphology -- 2.1.6.4 Dispersion testing -- 2.1.6.5 Chemical analysis -- 2.2 Polymeric Nanoparticles -- 2.2.1 In Vivo Evaluation of Oral Nanoparticles -- 2.2.1.1 Types of in vivo evaluation tests -- 2.2.1.2 Pharmacokinetic studies -- 2.2.1.3 Drug efficacy studies -- 2.2.1.4 Drug transport and distribution studies -- 2.2.1.5 Histopathological examination studies -- 2.2.2 Characterization of the Nanoparticles by Various Techniques -- 2.2.2.1 Particle size and distribution -- 2.2.2.1.1 Photon-correlation spectroscopy -- 2.2.2.1.2 Scanning electron microscopy -- 2.2.2.1.3 Transmission electron microscopy -- 2.2.2.1.4 Cryo-transmission electron microscopy -- 2.2.2.1.5 Atomic force microscopy.