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The new phenomenon named the "sharing economy" emerged a decade ago and attracted scientists, businesses, and governments attention. Sharing economy offers new opportunities for innovative start-ups, improves resource conservation and efficiency of utilization, reformats consumption patterns, raises the spirit of entrepreneurship and responsibility of every capital owner, and improves social trust among people worldwide. Sharing economy contributes to job creation and promote sustainable growth. The European Commission acknowledges the benefits of the sharing economy and states that European countries should be open to new opportunities that sharing economy brings. However, despite the focus of researchers on the sharing economy, there is still a lack of deeper analysis and evaluation of the factors impacting the development of the sharing economy. Therefore, the paper aims to identify the main factors influencing the growth of sharing economy and compare the development processes of sharing economy in 25 EU countries and the United Kingdom. The author identified the essential factors and formed a sharing economy index based on the scientific literature analysis. For research purposes, multicriteria method AHP was used and recently developed method FARE-M was employed to calculate the weight of indicators. The research reveals that the most significant factors for sharing economy growth are economic and technological. Furthermore, the results reveal that the environment is more favourable for sharing economy growth in Luxembourg, Denmark and Netherlands.

The new phenomenon named the "sharing economy" emerged a decade ago and attracted scientists, businesses, and governments attention. Sharing economy offers new opportunities for innovative start-ups, improves resource conservation and efficiency of utilization, reformats consumption patterns, raises the spirit of entrepreneurship and responsibility of every capital owner, and improves social trust among people worldwide. Sharing economy contributes to job creation and promote sustainable growth. The European Commission acknowledges the benefits of the sharing economy and states that European countries should be open to new opportunities that sharing economy brings. However, despite the focus of researchers on the sharing economy, there is still a lack of deeper analysis and evaluation of the factors impacting the development of the sharing economy. Therefore, the paper aims to identify the main factors influencing the growth of sharing economy and compare the development processes of sharing economy in 25 EU countries and the United Kingdom. The author identified the essential factors and formed a sharing economy index based on the scientific literature analysis. For research purposes, multicriteria method AHP was used and recently developed method FARE-M was employed to calculate the weight of indicators. The research reveals that the most significant factors for sharing economy growth are economic and technological. Furthermore, the results reveal that the environment is more favourable for sharing economy growth in Luxembourg, Denmark and Netherlands.

The presented paper strives to check whether relationship between Lithuanian economic growth and Lithuanian human capital could be traced. Another aim is to evaluate driving force of this factor in other Baltic States, to compare obtained relationships with those in old European Union countries. Indicators' set characterizing labour force in innovative economic environment has been chosen. This set is further used for quantitative analysis of indicated relationships. Statistically significant intercourses are being economically interpreted. Quantitative relationships between GDP growth and human capital indicator in the Baltic States and old EU members are compared and commented.

The presented paper strives to check whether relationship between Lithuanian economic growth and Lithuanian human capital could be traced. Another aim is to evaluate driving force of this factor in other Baltic States, to compare obtained relationships with those in old European Union countries. Indicators' set characterizing labour force in innovative economic environment has been chosen. This set is further used for quantitative analysis of indicated relationships. Statistically significant intercourses are being economically interpreted. Quantitative relationships between GDP growth and human capital indicator in the Baltic States and old EU members are compared and commented. Baltijos šalių bendrojo vidaus produkto kitimas: priklausomybės nuo tam tikrų žmogiškųjų resursų charakteristikų tyrimas Santrauka. Siekiama nustatyti priklausomybę tarp Lietuvos ekonominio augimo ir Lietuvos žmogiškojo kapitalo, įvertinti šio ekonominio augimo veiksnio įtaką kitose Baltijos šalyse, palyginti ją su susiklosčiusiomis priklausomybėmis labiau išsivysčiusiose penkiolikoje senųjų Europos Sąjungos šalių. Autorė pasirenka rodiklių sistemą, charakterizuojančią darbo jėgos išteklius inovatyvioje ekonomikoje. Ši rodiklių sąranka toliau naudojama kiekybiniam priklausomybių tyrimui. Nustačius statistiškai reikšmingus ryšius, jie ekonomiškai interpretuojami. Straipsnyje pateikiamas Baltijos ir senųjų Europos Sąjungos šalių ryšių tarp ekonomikos augimo bei rodiklių, apibūdinančių žmogiškąjį kapitalą ir jo kokybines charakteristikas, lyginimas bei jo ekonominė interpretacija. Reikšminiai žodžiai: BVP augimas, Baltijos šalys, žmogiškasis kapitalas. Article in Lithuanian.

The presented paper strives to check whether relationship between Lithuanian economic growth and Lithuanian human capital could be traced. Another aim is to evaluate driving force of this factor in other Baltic States, to compare obtained relationships with those in old European Union countries. Indicators' set characterizing labour force in innovative economic environment has been chosen. This set is further used for quantitative analysis of indicated relationships. Statistically significant intercourses are being economically interpreted. Quantitative relationships between GDP growth and human capital indicator in the Baltic States and old EU members are compared and commented. Article in Lithuanian. Baltijos šalių bendrojo vidaus produkto kitimas: priklausomybės nuo tam tikrų žmogiškųjų resursų charakteristikų tyrimas Santrauka. Siekiama nustatyti priklausomybę tarp Lietuvos ekonominio augimo ir Lietuvos žmogiškojo kapitalo, įvertinti šio ekonominio augimo veiksnio įtaką kitose Baltijos šalyse, palyginti ją su susiklosčiusiomis priklausomybėmis labiau išsivysčiusiose penkiolikoje senųjų Europos Sąjungos šalių. Autorė pasirenka rodiklių sistemą, charakterizuojančią darbo jėgos išteklius inovatyvioje ekonomikoje. Ši rodiklių sąranka toliau naudojama kiekybiniam priklausomybių tyrimui. Nustačius statistiškai reikšmingus ryšius, jie ekonomiškai interpretuojami. Straipsnyje pateikiamas Baltijos ir senųjų Europos Sąjungos šalių ryšių tarp ekonomikos augimo bei rodiklių, apibūdinančių žmogiškąjį kapitalą ir jo kokybines charakteristikas, lyginimas bei jo ekonominė interpretacija. Reikšminiai žodžiai: BVP augimas, Baltijos šalys, žmogiškasis kapitalas.

Earnings are the fundamental determinant of economic welfare for employed individuals, as well as of the potential gain to market employment for those not currently employed. Earnings are important as a social indicator specifically in relation to gender equality. Ten years after the Beijing conference the gender wage gap still exists in the EU labour market. This paper gives a brief review of economic theories and different approaches to explain the wage gap problem and importance of legislation to combat wage discrimination.

The number of women in the world labour force is growing. Nevertheless, in spite of women's large share in the labour force, many gender inequities in the labour market, such as gender specific jobs, pay inequities are observed. Women and men do not receive equal pay for equal work. Wage discrimination is reality. Women on average have lower incomes, lower wages and less advantageous terms of employment than men. The purpose of this article is to review main theoretical approaches to the basic economic question about the gender pay gap: why do, women, on average earn less than men. Attention has been focused on basic theoretical approaches: human capital model, labour market discrimination and theory of occupational segregation. The paper is based on empirical data from Lithuania and other European Union countries. First published online: 14 Oct 2010

Earnings are the fundamental determinant of economic welfare for employed individuals, as well as of the poten- tial gain to market employment for those not currently employed. Earnings are important as a social indicator specifically in relation to gender equality. Ten years after the Beijing conference the gender wage gap still exists in the EU labour market. This paper gives a brief review of economic theories and different approaches to explain the wage gap problem and importance of legislation to combat wage discrimination. Lyčių lygybė darbo rinkoje: moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumai Santrauka. Darbo užmokestis – vienas svarbiausių rodiklių, įvertinant lyčių lygiateisiškumą, analizuojant darbo rinką, jos pokyčius, taip pat tai yra svarbiausias veiksnys, apibrėžiantis tiek dirbančio individo ekonominę gerovę, tiek tikėtinos (galimos) naudos darbo rinkoje tų, kurie dabar nedirba. Praėjus dešimčiai metų po pasaulinės moterų konferencijos Pekine, kurioje daug dėmesio buvo skirta lyčių lygybės programoms įvertinti, moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumai Europos Sąjungoje liko gana dideli, moterys ES rinkoje ir toliau diskriminuojamos. Straipsnyje apžvelgiamos ekonominės teorijos, kuriomis aiškinamos priežastys, kodėl egzistuoja moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumai, pateikiami statistiniai duomenys, tendencijos, teisės aktų svarba ir įtaka šios problemos sprendimui. Reikšminiai žodžiai: profesinė segregacija, žmogiškasis kapitalas, lyčių lygybė, darbo užmokestis, diskriminacija. Article in Lithuanian.

Earnings are the fundamental determinant of economic welfare for employed individuals, as well as of the poten- tial gain to market employment for those not currently employed. Earnings are important as a social indicator specifically in relation to gender equality. Ten years after the Beijing conference the gender wage gap still exists in the EU labour market. This paper gives a brief review of economic theories and different approaches to explain the wage gap problem and importance of legislation to combat wage discrimination. Article in Lithuanian. Lyčių lygybė darbo rinkoje: moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumai Santrauka. Darbo užmokestis – vienas svarbiausių rodiklių, įvertinant lyčių lygiateisiškumą, analizuojant darbo rinką, jos pokyčius, taip pat tai yra svarbiausias veiksnys, apibrėžiantis tiek dirbančio individo ekonominę gerovę, tiek tikėtinos (galimos) naudos darbo rinkoje tų, kurie dabar nedirba. Praėjus dešimčiai metų po pasaulinės moterų konferencijos Pekine, kurioje daug dėmesio buvo skirta lyčių lygybės programoms įvertinti, moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumai Europos Sąjungoje liko gana dideli, moterys ES rinkoje ir toliau diskriminuojamos. Straipsnyje apžvelgiamos ekonominės teorijos, kuriomis aiškinamos priežastys, kodėl egzistuoja moterų ir vyrų darbo užmokesčio skirtumai, pateikiami statistiniai duomenys, tendencijos, teisės aktų svarba ir įtaka šios problemos sprendimui. Reikšminiai žodžiai: profesinė segregacija, žmogiškasis kapitalas, lyčių lygybė, darbo užmokestis, diskriminacija.

Earnings are the fundamental determinant of economic welfare for employed individuals, as well as of the potential gain to market employment for those not currently employed. Earnings are important as a social indicator specifically in relation to gender equality. Ten years after the Beijing conference the gender wage gap still exists in the EU labour market. This paper gives a brief review of economic theories and different approaches to explain the wage gap problem and importance of legislation to combat wage discrimination.

The number of women in the world labour force is growing. Nevertheless, in spite of women's large share in the labour force, many gender inequities in the labour market, such as gender specific jobs, pay inequities are observed. Women and men do not receive equal pay for equal work. Wage discrimination is reality. Women on average have lower incomes, lower wages and less advantageous terms of employment than men. The purpose of this article is to review main theoretical approaches to the basic economic question about the gender pay gap: why do, women, on average earn less than men. Attention has been focused on basic theoretical approaches: human capital model, labour market discrimination and theory of occupational segregation. The paper is based on empirical data from Lithuania and other European Union countries. Firstd Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

Earnings are the fundamental determinant of economic welfare for employed individuals, as well as of the potential gain to market employment for those not currently employed. Earnings are important as a social indicator specifically in relation to gender equality. Ten years after the Beijing conference the gender wage gap still exists in the EU labour market. This paper gives a brief review of economic theories and different approaches to explain the wage gap problem and importance of legislation to combat wage discrimination.

The aim of the paper is to investigate approaches to measurement of sustainable development adopted by international organizations, or institutions. Organizations for sustainable development were founded to review progress at the international, regional and national levels in the implementation of sustainable development policy, to take part in legislative process, to control balance between economic development, social development, and environmental development. Valid systems and classifications of sustainable development are being juxtaposed, specific features, advantages and disadvantages revealed. The question, if the systems of indicators provided by considered institutions are applicable for practical analytical purposes, is being raised. First published online:14 Oct 2010

The aim of the paper is to investigate approaches to measurement of sustainable development adopted by international organizations, or institutions. Organizations for sustainable development were founded to review progress at the international, regional and national levels in the implementation of sustainable development policy, to take part in legislative process, to control balance between economic development, social development, and environmental development. Valid systems and classifications of sustainable development are being juxtaposed, specific features, advantages and disadvantages revealed. The question, if the systems of indicators provided by considered institutions are applicable for practical analytical purposes, is being raised. First published online:14 Oct 2010

Presented paper aims to estimate and compare sustainable development processes in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia after the European Union accession. Data embracing the 2004–2008 period is being analysed. Authors take into account that different approaches to countries' development assessment might affect their comparison results. In order to obtain a multi‐faceted view, several variants of sustainable development estimations of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are being performed. Each variant represents a different approach to development perception. The difference lies in emphasis, which is being put on economic and institutional aspects of development. Juxtaposition of development estimation variants is expected to reveal range, within which the resulting index fluctuates and impacts ranging of countries. Integrated complex countries' development index is computed by using multi‐criteria method. Authors of the paper compose a system of indicators, which is being employed for research purposes. Corollaries of investigation let us judge how much Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian ranking according to estimated development level differs due to variations of approaches applied, and how sensitive calculations are to institutional performance and current economic downturn. First Publish Online:14 Oct 2010