Suchergebnisse

Presentación y materiales docentes del taller "Big Data y Análisis de Redes Sociales", impartido en la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología de la Universidad de Granada, en su programa de Educación Abierta. En http://polisocio.ugr.es/educacion-abierta-itinerario-2-intermedia.php. ; Presentation and teaching materials of the workshop "Big Data and Social Networks Analysis", Faculty of Political Science and Sociology, University of Granada, "Open Education" program. In http://polisocio.ugr.es/educacion-abierta-itinerario-2-intermedia.php.

Se presenta el campo de los "Social Big Data" como aquel donde interaccionan los Social Media, el Data Analysis y los Big Data (Bello-Orgaz, Jung y Camacho, 2016). En esta área inter/transdisciplinar se abordan métodos y técnicas que trabajan con datos procedentes de los medios sociales para extraer conocimiento de los mismos con el fin de poder ofrecer información útil. La información extraída a partir de los medios sociales permite en las Ciencias Sociales el avance de la investigación documental aplicando una diversidad de métodos, técnicas y procedimientos, una parte de los cuales ya se habían empleado en ámbitos como la estadística, la sociología visual, el análisis de redes sociales, el análisis del discurso, etc. Algunos aspectos que marcan la diferencia tienen que ver con el estudio de la transmisión de información en los medios sociales en directo (streaming) y con la ingente cantidad y diversidad de datos que se manejan (big data), aspectos estos que retan a la Ciencia. Junto a la gran dimensión y magnitud de los SBD, también son importantes aspectos como su heterogeneidad estructural, su dinamismo, las diferentes fuentes de los que proceden o el hecho de que gran parte de los mismos son datos no estructurados (ej. vídeo), lo cual dificulta aspectos como el análisis automático. En cualquier caso, se trate de las 3V, de 4V, de 5V, de 6V lo que caracteriza a los Big Data (gran volumen de datos, variedad, velocidad, veracidad, variabilidad y complejidad y valor), con su aparición, como resultado, se producen cambios en el proceso de investigación. Emergen nuevas tareas y se reformulan aspectos importantes de la labor investigadora, por ejemplo, en procesos como el muestreo, la recogida y almacenamiento de la información, los procesamientos y el análisis. A partir de datos extraídos de Twitter, y sobre todo, basándonos en el análisis de redes sociales, se presentan algunos de los desafíos técnicos que hemos ido encontrando a través del análisis de diferentes datasets de carácter social y político (refugiados y migraciones; incendios y emergencias; StarWars; #prays for.; Cataluña, el referéndum, el 155, etc.). Se plantean algunas preguntas, se discuten algunas soluciones y se reflexiona sobre el desarrollo de un campo de Social Big Data transdisciplinar orientado a resolver problemas y contestar preguntas más que a consolidar límites disciplinares. Paralelamente, a partir del análisis de varios casos, se aportan ideas respecto a la idea de sociedad desintermediada, reflexionando sobre cómo parece estructurarse la participación social en una red como Twitter. ; The field of "Social Big Data" is presented as the one where Social Media, Data Analysis and Big Data interact (Bello-Orgaz, Jung and Camacho, 2016). Methods and techniques that work with data from social media to extract knowledge from them in order to be able to offer useful information are characteristics of this inter / transdisciplinary area. The information extracted from social media allows the advancement of documentary research in the Social Sciences applying a variety of methods, techniques and procedures, a part of which had already been used in areas such as statistics, visual sociology, social networks analysis, discourse analysis, etc. Some aspects that make a difference have to do with the study of the transmission of information in live social media (streaming) and with the huge amount and diversity of data handled (big data). These areas are currently challenging Science. Along with the great size and magnitude of the SBD, there are also important aspects such as its structural heterogeneity, its dynamism, the different sources from which they come or the fact that a large part of them are unstructured data (eg video), which hinders aspects such as automatic analysis. In any case, it is the 3V, 4V, 5V, 6V which characterizes the Big Data (large volume of data, variety, speed, accuracy, variability and complexity and value). Research process change. New tasks emerge and important aspects of the research work are reformulated, for example, in processes such as sampling, collection and storage of information, processing and analysis. From data extracted from Twitter, and above all, based on the analysis of social networks, we present some of the technical challenges that we have been finding through the analysis of different datasets of a social and political nature (refugees and migrations, fires and emergencies, StarWars, #prays for ., Catalonia, the referendum, 155, etc.). Some questions are posed, some solutions are discussed and reflection on the development of a field of transdisciplinary Social Big Data oriented to solve problems and answer questions rather than to strict disciplinary limits. In parallel, from the analysis of several cases, ideas about the idea of disintermediated society are provided, reflecting on how social participation seems to be structured in a network such as Twitter.

En este artículo, enmarcado en las nuevas políticas europeas respecto a la migración circular y a la contratación en origen, se estudian los procesos de sustitución laboral y étnica que han tenido lugar en Huelva (España) con motivo de la temporada de la fresa. Se emplea una metodología plural para el análisis de datos que se beneficia de diversas encuestas, grupos de discusión, entrevistas a expertos y análisis de la prensa local y otros documentos secundarios generados desde 1999. Se descubre que, frente a otros escenarios agrícolas del territorio español, la última década se ha caracterizado por una progresiva sustitución y feminización de la mano de otra agrícola. Así, si el proceso de sustitución laboral reemplazó españoles por marroquíes varones, de ahí se pasó a contratar a mujeres del este y posteriormente africanas, estas últimas contratadas en el contexto del proyecto europeo Aeneas. Se discute sobre las luces y las sombras de la migración circular y de las contrataciones en origen y se observa que la agudización de la crisis internacional, que provoca una vuelta al campo de muchos españoles, abre nuevas incógnitas sobre el desarrollo futuro de las políticas de migración circular en el área, presentándose resultados que pueden ser de interés para otras áreas donde se estén desarrollando este tipo de políticas para la regulación de los flujos migratorios. ; This article, which is framed within the new European policies on circular migration and the quota systems established in Spain for the recruitment of workers in sending countries, examines the processes of labour and ethnic substitution of workers that take place in the province of Huelva (Spain) during the strawberry harvest season. We use a plural methodology to analyse data collected from several surveys, focus groups, interviews with experts, local press and statistical data from a period beginning in 1999. We find that, compared to other agricultural scenarios in Spain, the last decade was characterised by a progressive substitution and feminisation of agricultural labour. In sum, while Moroccan men replaced Spanish workers in a first instance, this process was followed by Polish, Romanian, Bulgarian and later African women who substituted Moroccan men in the strawberry fields, thus starting the feminisation process. Following the new enlargement of the European Union, a new Aeneas Programme for recruiting workers was implemented with the support of new European policies to promote circular migration, and farmers began hiring Moroccan women. A pilot programme was also developed to hire Senegalese women. In this article we explain the process in the context of the international economic crisis, and examine the lights and shadows that play a role in the story. The return of Spanish labourers to agriculture in a time of crisis time poses new questions for the future of migratory policies in this area, especially when regulated through circular migration. Our results can be useful for other fields as well as for policymakers due to their policy implications.

En este artículo, enmarcado en las nuevas políticas europeas respecto a la migración circular y a la contratación en origen, se estudian los procesos de sustitución laboral y étnica que han tenido lugar en Huelva (España) con motivo de la temporada de la fresa. Se emplea una metodología plural para el análisis de datos que se beneficia de diversas encuestas, grupos de discusión, entrevistas a expertos y análisis de la prensa local y otros documentos secundarios generados desde 1999. Se descubre que, frente a otros escenarios agrícolas del territorio español, la última década se ha caracterizado por una progresiva sustitución y feminización de la mano de otra agrícola. Así, si el proceso de sustitución laboral reemplazó españoles por marroquíes varones, de ahí se pasó a contratar a mujeres del este y posteriormente africanas, estas últimas contratadas en el contexto del proyecto europeo Aeneas. Se discute sobre las luces y las sombras de la migración circular y de las contrataciones en origen y se observa que la agudización de la crisis internacional, que provoca una vuelta al campo de muchos españoles, abre nuevas incógnitas sobre el desarrollo futuro de las políticas de migración circular en el área, presentándose resultados que pueden ser de interés para otras áreas donde se estén desarrollando este tipo de políticas para la regulación de los flujos migratorios. ; This article, which is framed within the new European policies on circular migration and the quota systems established in Spain for the recruitment of workers in sending countries, examines the processes of labour and ethnic substitution of workers that take place in the province of Huelva (Spain) during the strawberry harvest season. We use a plural methodology to analyse data collected from several surveys, focus groups, interviews with experts, local press and statistical data from a period beginning in 1999. We find that, compared to other agricultural scenarios in Spain, the last decade was characterised by a progressive substitution and feminisation of agricultural labour. In sum, while Moroccan men replaced Spanish workers in a first instance, this process was followed by Polish, Romanian, Bulgarian and later African women who substituted Moroccan men in the strawberry fields, thus starting the feminisation process. Following the new enlargement of the European Union, a new Aeneas Programme for recruiting workers was implemented with the support of new European policies to promote circular migration, and farmers began hiring Moroccan women. A pilot programme was also developed to hire Senegalese women. In this article we explain the process in the context of the international economic crisis, and examine the lights and shadows that play a role in the story. The return of Spanish labourers to agriculture in a time of crisis time poses new questions for the future of migratory policies in this area, especially when regulated through circular migration. Our results can be useful for other fields as well as for policymakers due to their policy implications.

"Although there has been much recent research in the area of transnationalism, social networks, social capital and cultural capital, little has been written about immigration and social networks from a Social Network Analysis (SNA) perspective, and little has been published about immigrants' small communities with this perspective. A great portion of studies on immigration are focused more on majority ethnic groups settled in a country than on minority ones. This text examines the trajectories of Cameroonian immigrants from their place of origin until their arrival and establishment in Huelva (Spain). Through their life stories and the application of a SNA module, this study examines the role of social networks in determining or influencing immigrants' complete migratory project (from their decision to migrate and the origin of the funds to do it, through the decision to stay in Europe and, for some, their planning to return). This chapter's main objective is to assess the role of Cameroonians' personal networks in the migratory project and in their Integration. This chapter also attempts to assess how far transnational networks influence and configure the immigrants' lives. The authors discovered the presence of people from different countries who appeared in all the personal networks. Many people cited as members of support networks were of Cameroonian origin, but they were living in the same area (not in the country of origin or another country), indicating the importance of proximity to daily life in our cases. This was accompanied by the tendency to reproduce and reinvent the homeland in the destination country. Intensive and extensive transnational practices were found in a minority of cases." (author's abstract)

Cross-border cooperation (CBC) has evolved as a crucial objective of the European Union and an object of extensive research. As an intrinsically relational process wherein networks, and cooperation are integral to understanding the CBC, social capital and social network analysis offer a complementary perspective. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with experts and secondary sources. This paper contributes using social network analysis to examine and describe the network structure of institutional CBC and Interreg programmes in two different cross-border regions. The results address the importance of the visualization of less and more integrated areas and the identification of key institutional actors in CBC.

Beyond the national political-territorial borders in Europe, the cross-regional dimension maintains an experimental democratic character. Entities developed to foster cross- border cooperation, such as working communities and Euroregions, are conceived as mechanisms of democratisation through the decentralisation of regional or/and local governmental bodies. However, scholarly debate suggests that the top-down policy- making process that is characteristic of cross-border programmes seems to cast doubt on the fulfilment of a European participatory democracy. In this respect, the cross-border cooperation process seems to contribute to an added value to the dilemma of the European democratic deficit. The objective of this paper is to present a regional contribution to this debate through a study of local experts' perspectives on the implementation and impact of cross-border cooperation policies in the southern Portugal-Spain border region and the possibilities for local and social participation. This paper utilises data from two related investigations in the southern cross-border area between Portugal and Spain, including qualitative interviews, focus groups, and content analysis of secondary data. The results reveal a positive attitude towards the recent regional top-down initiatives of European integration, although local experts question the potential for the inclusion of local perspectives in cross-border initiatives. Additionally, during this period of economic crisis, political contradictions may be observed, and political initiatives related to the Spanish-Portugal border may hamper the existing cross-border flows and dynamics of progressive integration. In this sense, local authorities play an important role as the nexus between transnational institutions of cross-border cooperation and the inhabitants of border regions.

In the last decade, the European Union has approved and launched measures to promote Intercultural Cities, Diversity Management and the Integration of Immigrants in Europe. Despite this European framework, we are now at a crossroads between solidarity and humanity and an important restriction of refugees' human rights across Europe. In this paper, we try to compare the international approaches to the refugee crisis in different countries in Europe. Data were extracted from Twitter. We obtained thousands of tweets about "refugees", using this word in six different languages (English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish) from end November 2015 to 27 February 2016 as search strings. We performed a discourse analysis, focusing on the comparison between countries. A qualitative analysis with the help of both Atlas ti and T-Lab software was performed. The results showed a diversity of current discourses in Europe about refugees and the refugee crisis (from solidarity to xenophobic ones), some of them very characteristic of particular countries or of local events experienced in these countries. These results allow us to reinforce the idea that we are at a key moment for the future development of Europe, especially regarding aspects concerning living together in cities and villages. ; La llamada crisis de los refugiados ha acaparado la atención de los medios y la ciudadanía europea debido los diferentes acontecimientos que se han ido produciendo durante estos meses a nivel internacional, sus intentos de llegar a Europa y los sucesos ocurridos una vez acogidos en las sociedades de destino. En este contexto, las redes sociales en Internet han funcionado como herramientas de comunicación digital donde transmitir, interactuar y compartir con el resto de usuarios estos y otros eventos, destacando entre ellas la plataforma Twitter gracias a su capacidad de transmitir mensajes rápidos y directos y generar debates y movilización. El objetivo principal de este simposio es comparar la aproximación internacional que se hace a la cuestión de los refugiados en diferentes lugares en Europa. Para ello, se realizó un proceso de muestreo de tweets, que fueron extraídos durante los últimos meses en diferentes días de la semana y horas. La extracción se llevó a cabo a partir de la cadena de búsqueda "refugiados" en seis idiomas: español, inglés, francés, italiano, alemán y portugués. Se extrajeron los tweets con ayuda de las herramientas de extracción que aporta NodeXL. Se ha realizado un análisis de contenido, enfocándonos en el discurso recogido en los tweets y codificando y categorizando los mismos según la temática a la que respondían y al sentimiento positivo, negativo o neutro de las publicaciones. Para esta parte nos hemos ayudado del software Atlas ti y T-LaB. Los resultados apuntan a una diversidad de discursos que oscilan entre los que hacen referencia a la solidaridad, la empatía y el apoyo hacia este grupo social, hasta los de rechazo y xenofobia, siendo notables aquellos que critican las gestiones de la Unión Europea, los que exponen propuestas para paliar la situación y los que centran su interés en los niños y niñas refugiados.

The Reasons Why the Narrative of Memory and not Storytelling. Reconstructing Past, Present and Future -- Building the Future: Transcultural and Transnational Dimensions of the Narratives of the Past -- Diversity of Collective Memories and Identification Processes on Monuments: The Case Study of Columbus Monument in Huelva (Spain) -- Is Nostalgia Dangerous? Post-Soviet Nostalgia in the Memory of the Soviet Times and the Fluctuations of the Social Order -- Labor Memories: Distant Reading Exercises -- European Memory and Identity During the Refugee Crisis -- Bodies on the Border: Sports Stories and Memories of Istrian and Dalmatian Exiles Narratives and Social Reality -- Narratives of Memory on Twitter: the case of the Día de la Lealtad in Argentina -- The "Movimiento 19 de abril" (Colombia) and the Reconstruction of Public Memory between Narrative and Counter-narrative -- The symbol as a memory. The transcendence in the religious narrative of the book of Job -- The memory of art or the art of memory: the roles of art in the reconversion of industrial sites -- Knowledge of the History of Latin American Philosophical and Political Thought in Political Culture of the New Generations -- The Narratives about the Two Sides of Wars: New Technologies Entangled by Antiquity.

Artículo publicado en la revista: Culture e Studi del Sociale - Vol. 5(1), Special/2020: Life in Time of COVID-19. Disasters, Resilience, and Future. Número completo monográfico sobre COVID-19: http://www.cussoc.it/index.php/journal. Artículo en: http://www.cussoc.it/index.php/journal/article/view/133 ; This paper reflects on the force of the war metaphor primarily in Spain and the U.S. Examples from other countries are included. Methodologically, it utilizes the literature (journals and newspapers) and Twitter research. The paper addresses the impact and pervasiveness of English language translations in electronic communications. A bird's eye view of how the war metaphor spread during the pandemic is presented. Additionally, the paper discusses idiosyncratic differences, cultures and histories in an Anglo-Saxon country and a Latin one. The topic of how leaders in different countries used the war metaphor to regulate the activities of citizens and manage their own political realities is reviewed. The situation of immigrants during the pandemic is discussed. The paper includes manifestations of those differences in celebrations, and mourning relating to the pandemic. Recommendations for future research on the war metaphor and its effects on solidarity and the economy of nations are put forward.