Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- The nature of illegal immigration in the United States -- Purpose, history, and function of the United States Border Patrol -- The issue of migrant deaths -- Preventing migrant deaths : ethics, policy, and the utility of situational crime prevention -- Impact of border safety initiative policy -- Understanding the circumstance and situational nature of migrant deaths -- Implications for policy, practice, and future research

"After an overview of the nature of illegal immigration and border patrol in the United States, this book focuses on reducing migrant casualty within the current policy and enforcement environment and through the application of a problem-oriented, evidence-based prevention strategy"--

Few criticisms of situational crime‐prevention (SCP) efforts are as frequent or prevalent as claims of displacement. Despite emerging evidence to the contrary, the prevailing sentiment seems to be that crime displacement is inevitable. This study examined 102 evaluations of situationally focused crime‐prevention projects in an effort to determine the extent to which crime displacement was observed. The results indicate that of the 102 studies that examined (or allowed for examination of) displacement and diffusion effects, there were 574 observations. Displacement was observed in 26 percent of those observations. The opposite of displacement, diffusion of benefit, was observed in 27 percent of the observations. Moreover, the analysis of 13 studies, which allowed for assessment of overall outcomes of the prevention project while taking into account spatial displacement and diffusion effects, revealed that when spatial displacement did occur, it tended to be less than the treatment effect, suggesting that the intervention was still beneficial. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.

Chapter1. Introduction to "The Evolution of Illicit Flows: Displacement and Convergence among Transnational Crime" -- Part1. Concepts, Theories, History, and Perspectives -- Chapter2. The Displacement and Convergence of Transnational Crime Flows -- Chapter3. Trafficking in the Mediterranean World: A Historical Perspective -- Chapter4. Human Smuggling in the Mediterranean: A Comparative Analysis of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean Smuggling Routes -- Chapter5. Global Cocaine Flows, Geographical Displacement, and Crime Convergence -- Part2. Topical Analyses in Convergence and Displacement of Transnational Crimes -- Chapter6. Human Smuggling in North Africa: A Preliminary Exploration of Macro- and Micro-level Displacement Effects -- Chapter7. Displacement of human smuggling: An exploratory analysis of the effects of Law 82/2016 in Egypt -- Chapter8. Can Migration Flows be Controlled? The Effects of the Italian 2017–2018 Policy Against Illegal Immigration -- Chapter9. Does Human Smuggling Converge with Other Transnational Crimes in North Africa and the Mediterranean Area? -- Chapter10. Structure and Evolution of Drug Trafficking Networks in North Africa: The Impact of Rule of Law and Corruption -- Part3. Implications, Current Trends and Future Directions -- Chapter11. Human trafficking in the MENA region: trends and perspectives -- Chapter12. Future Directions in the Study of Displacement and Convergence among Transnational Crime Flows.

Abstract
Perhaps never before has the need for collaboration between academic researchers and police agencies been more salient. Technological advances have brought advanced hardware systems into daily policing operations, and analytical software and information systems have assembled massive volumes of data repositories. To produce usable knowledge from these information troves, advanced analytical knowledge has become necessary. At the same time, the evidence-based policy movement requires that police agencies equip themselves with the ability to interpret and produce evaluations of new policing initiatives using sound scientific evaluation methods, something which also requires specialized and advanced knowledge not usually housed within policing organizations. In response to these demands, researcher–police collaborations have become more prevalent. Yet, the specific nature of these researcher–police relationships can take many forms. This article synthesizes previous literature and develops a taxonomy for classifying researcher–police partnerships and discusses the experiences of moving from an external research partner to an embedded criminological 'unit' within the Miami Police Department.