Suchergebnisse

Technological change impacts the agri-food sector and generates new competitive pressure. As well as the digital technologies that are introducing new business models and revolutionizing the traditional food chain, with new consumers' protection tools, emerging genetic engineering techniques (e.g. gene editing) - which the present article is focused on – are thoroughly impacting food nature and production modality. This new step of scientific progress is also blurring the line between issues traditionally ascribed to the different fields of environment law and safety law. Biotechnology is, in fact, one of the strategic keys enabling technologies to support a new green and sustainable economy (i.e. bioeconomy) responding to the need for new food production technology, more efficient resource use, and responsible value chains, in a context in which sustainable food system is promoted by the European Green Deal and the Farm to Fork strategies. Analyzing the current European debate on the appropriateness of stringent GMO legislation to new DNA alterations (such as gene editing) and discussing upcoming changes, such as for instance the perspective of overcoming the "safe enough" narrative (EGE, 2021), and the proposal stemming from the EU Commission's Study on the status of new genomic techniques (April 29, 2021), the article aims at finding out how the European Union manages to balance economic interests with consumers' fundamental rights protection to maintain the appropriate functionality of the internal market fostering innovation. The comparative study between the two main regulatory models, historically characterizing different food cultures and contexts will be analyzed in parallel with a keen eye to the most recent debate about the EU need to empower new innovative technologies for sustainability will lead us to express some critical remarks toward the factors that prevent the development of an adequate regulatory environment for agri-food biotechnologies.

The Ministry of Education through the worldwide research project entitled: Healthy University or Health Promoting Universities, has sought to promote this issue, in to the construction of spaces for healthy development from educational and professional perspectives. This paper presents a description of the research project based on the subject, proposing for his epistemological as well as methodological framework, in order to deploy at the Nueva Granada Military University. The aim is to implement a set of behaviors that lead to achieving positive impacts for students, teachers and the community. Therefore, it is important to consider the challenges Nueva Granada Military University has in the implementation of actions aimed at the personal experiences from the principles of the Healthy University ; El Ministerio de Educación, mediante el proyecto investigativo a nivel mundial denominado: Universidad Saludable o Universidades Promotoras de Salud, ha buscado impulsar la construcción de espacios para el desarrollo saludable desde una perspectiva educativa y profesional. Este artículo describe lo que es el proyecto investigativo de Universidad saludable aplicado a la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, proponiendo tanto desde su marco epistemológico como metodológico un espacio para promover los buenos hábitos y la salud desde todos sus aspectos. Se pretende llevar a la práctica un conjunto de comportamientos que conduzcan al logro de impactos positivos en los estudiantes, docentes y la comunidad en general. Aborda cuestionamientos como ¿Cuáles son los retos de la Universidad? ¿Qué actividades conlleva la puesta en práctica de acciones orientadas a las vivencias propias desde los principios de la Universidad Saludable? ¿Cómo abordar el tema desde lo epistemológico? ; O Ministério de Educação, mediante o projeto investigativo a nível mundial denominado: Universidade Saudável ou Universidades Promotoras de Saúde, tem buscado promover este tema de vital importância, a fim de impulsar a construção de espaços para o desenvolvimento saudável desde uma perspectiva educativa e profissional. Este artigo apresenta uma descrição do que é o projeto investigativo da Universidade saudável aplicado a Universidade Militar Nueva Granada, propondo a partir do quadro epistemológico e metodológico, um espaço para promover os bons hábitos, os bons costumes e em geral a saúde desde todos seus aspectos. Pretende-se levar a prática, um conjunto de comportamentos que conduzem a obter os impactos positivos para os estudantes, profesores e a comunidade em geral. Quais são os desafios da Universidade? Que atividades levam a por em prática ações orientadas as experiências própias desde os principios da Universidade Saudável? Como abordar o tema desde o ponto epistemológico? Esses temas e alguns outros são os tratados em este artigo.

Background Despite increasing evidence on health inequalities over the past decades, further efforts to strengthen capacities to produce research on this topic are still urgently needed to inform effective interventions aiming to address these inequalities. To strengthen these research capacities, an initial comprehensive understanding of the health inequalities research production process is vital. However, most existing research and models are focused on understanding the relationship between health inequalities research and policy, with less focus on the health inequalities research production process itself. Existing conceptual frameworks provide valuable, yet limited, advancements on this topic; for example, they lack the capacity to comprehensively explain the health (and more specifically the health inequalities) research production process at the local level, including the potential pathways, components and determinants as well as the dynamics that might be involved. This therefore reduces their ability to be empirically tested and to provide practical guidance on how to strengthen the health inequalities research process and research capacities in different settings. Several scholars have also highlighted the need for further understanding and guidance in this area to inform effective action. Methods Through a critical review, we developed a novel conceptual model that integrates the social determinants of health and political economy perspectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of how health inequalities research and the related research capacities are likely to be produced (or inhibited) at local level. Results Our model represents a global hypothesis on the fundamental processes involved, and can serve as a heuristic tool to guide local level assessments of the determinants, dynamics and relations that might be relevant to better understand the health inequalities research production process and the related research capacities. Conclusions This type of knowledge can assist researchers and decision-makers to identify any information gaps or barriers to be addressed, and establish new entry points to effectively strengthen these research capacities. This can lead to the production of a stronger evidence base, both locally and globally, which can be used to inform strategic efforts aimed at achieving health equity.

Achieving multi-million-hectare commitments from countries around the world to restore degraded lands in resilient and sustainable ways requires, among other things, huge volumes of tree planting material. Seed systems encompassing all forest reproductive material (e.g., seeds, cuttings, stakes, and wildings), are key to ensuring that sufficient planting material with a diverse range of suitable species, adapted to local conditions and capable of persisting under a changing climate, is available for restoration projects. The ideal structure of a seed system integrates five components: seed selection and innovation, seed harvesting and production, market access, supply and demand, quality control, and an enabling environment. We propose 15 indicators to evaluate these key components and trial them by assessing national seed systems in 7 Latin American countries. We conclude that the indicators enable a straightforward assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of national seed systems, thus assisting governments to identify key areas for improvement and opportunities for horizontal learning

In Italy, recent legislation (Law No. 10/2020) has tuned regulations concerning the donation of one's postmortem body and tissues for study, training, and scientific research purposes. This study discusses several specific issues to optimise the applicability and effectiveness of such an important, novel regulatory setting. Critical issues arise concerning the learners, the type of training and teaching activities that can be planned, the position of academic anatomy institutes, the role of family members in the donation process, the time frame of the donation process, the eligibility of partial donation, or the simultaneous donation of organs and tissues to patients awaiting transplantation. In particular, a universal time limit for donations (i.e., one year) makes it impossible to plan the long-term use of specific body parts, which could be effectively preserved for the advanced teaching and training of medical students and surgeons. The abovementioned conditions lead to the limited use of corpses, thus resulting in the inefficiency of the whole system of body donation. Overall, the donors' scope for the donation of their body could be best honoured by a more flexible and tuneable approach that can be used on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, it is deemed necessary to closely monitor the events scheduled for corpses in public nonacademic institutions or private enterprises. This paper presents useful insights from Italian anatomists with the hope of providing inspiration for drafting the regulations. In conclusion, this paper focuses on the critical issues derived from the recently introduced Italian law on the donation and use of the body after death and provides suggestions to lawmakers for future implementations.