Suchergebnisse

Se decidió analizar cuál es la situación actual en el manejo de los desechos, con el objetivo de determinar la variación en los índices de generación de los desechos domésticos y establecer cuál es la situación con respecto a algunos hospitales privados. La información servirá de insumo para el Proyecto "Estado de la Nación" del 2005, a través del cual se realiza un esfuerzo continuo para informar a la sociedad sobre aspectos relevantes para que, de esta manera, pueda entender su propia realidad y participar en las orientaciones y acciones futuras por realizar, pues la información es fundamental para el funcionamiento de la democracia. Para conocer la realidad se necesitan datos que ayuden en la construcción de indicadores que reflejen la compleja realidad nacional. Con el presente trabajo se presentan algunos indicadores para la generación de desechos domiciliarios correspondientes a algunas municipalidades de zonas urbanas y zonas rurales, así como los obtenidos para hospitales privados, comparados con datos disponibles de algunos hospitales públicos de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social.

Se decidió analizar cuál es la situación actual en el manejo de los desechos, con el objetivo de determinar la variación en los índices de generación de los desechos domésticos y establecer cuál es la situación con respecto a algunos hospitales privados. La información servirá de insumo para el Proyecto "Estado de la Nación" del 2005, a través del cual se realiza un esfuerzo continuo para informar a la sociedad sobre aspectos relevantes para que, de esta manera, pueda entender su propia realidad y participar en las orientaciones y acciones futuras por realizar, pues la información es fundamental para el funcionamiento de la democracia. Para conocer la realidad se necesitan datos que ayuden en la construcción de indicadores que reflejen la compleja realidad nacional. Con el presente trabajo se presentan algunos indicadores para la generación de desechos domiciliarios correspondientes a algunas municipalidades de zonas urbanas y zonas rurales, así como los obtenidos para hospitales privados, comparados con datos disponibles de algunos hospitales públicos de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social.

Identificar áreas en la zona metropolitana de San Luis Potosí (ZMSLP) para la compra de vivienda usada susceptible a un crédito hipotecario, genera que los personas no tengan que adquirir alguna propiedad en zonas retiradas de su espacio de movimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es detectar las áreas donde se han recuperado distintos tipos de edificaciones para uso habitacional por medio de un análisis de las valuaciones realizadas en los últimos meses, determinando áreas de oportunidad para la adquisición de viviendas susceptibles a reincorporarse al mercado inmobiliario. Este diagnóstico refleja la oportunidad de evaluar la posibilidad de comprar algún patrimonio mediante un producto bancario o crédito gubernamental. Estos proyectos reciben una intervención física que ayuda a disminuir su vida útil normal, mejorando sus condiciones de habitabilidad. Para esta investigación se revisaron 119 propiedades en un período de 6 meses, de las cuales solamente 35 presentaron la opción de aplicación de la tabla de prorrateo de edad con distintas características físicas y de ubicación. Esta tabla es un instrumento que se utiliza en los procesos de valuación profesional para mejorar los porcentajes de trabajo en las partidas de construcción. Los resultados de esta investigación establecen las áreas habitacionales donde se han llevado a cabo dichas intervenciones e indica las colonias donde se pueden remodelar o adecuar espacios para un segundo tiempo de uso, así como las características generales que presentan; sirviendo como vitrina para evaluar y comparar dentro de la toma de decisiones. Identifying areas in the metropolitan zone of San Luis Potosí (ZMSLP) for the purchase of used housing susceptible to a mortgage loan, means that people do not have to acquire a property in remote areas of their space of movement. The objective of this work is to detect the areas where different types of buildings for residential use have been recovered through an analysis of the valuations carried out in recent months, determining areas of opportunity for the acquisition of homes susceptible to rejoining the real estate market. This diagnosis reflects the opportunity to evaluate the possibility of buying a patrimony through a bank product or government credit. These projects receive a physical intervention that helps reduce their normal useful life, improving their living conditions. For this research, 119 properties were reviewed in a 6-month period, of which only 35 presented the option of applying the age apportionment table with different physical and location characteristics. This table is an instrument used in professional valuation processes to improve work percentages in construction items. The results of this research establish the residential areas where these interventions have been carried out and indicate the neighborhoods where spaces can be remodeled or adapted for a second time of use, as well as the general characteristics they present; serving as a showcase to evaluate and compare within decision making.

Costa Rica followed different steps in order to organise and implement a waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management system. This paper summarises the challenges, successes, and limitations of its implementation. Two phases were needed to set up the system. The first phase created a baseline followed by the designing of a strategy. The second phase promoted a Decree for WEEE management that prohibits discarding WEEE together with household waste, as well as the creation of a National Executive Committee with representatives of importers, consumers, and government, which will establish the quotes and treatment fees, and so on. Another outcome was the development of a strategy for the implementation of WEEE management for the country, the promotion of population awareness about their responsibility for WEEE management, and an example set up for other Latin American countries. This paper draws conclusions from the regulation and notes the required consistency with the existing national waste legislation in order to reduce approval times. Additionally, the importance of the participation of stakeholders representing different electric and electronic equipment (EEE) sectors with the purpose of obtaining consensus on agreements is highlighted.

Costa Rica followed different steps in order to organise and implement a waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management system. This paper summarises the challenges, successes, and limitations of its implementation. Two phases were needed to set up the system. The first phase created a baseline followed by the designing of a strategy. The second phase promoted a Decree for WEEE management that prohibits discarding WEEE together with household waste, as well as the creation of a National Executive Committee with representatives of importers, consumers, and government, which will establish the quotes and treatment fees, and so on. Another outcome was the development of a strategy for the implementation of WEEE management for the country, the promotion of population awareness about their responsibility for WEEE management, and an example set up for other Latin American countries. This paper draws conclusions from the regulation and notes the required consistency with the existing national waste legislation in order to reduce approval times. Additionally, the importance of the participation of stakeholders representing different electric and electronic equipment (EEE) sectors with the purpose of obtaining consensus on agreements is highlighted.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds training programs to increase the numbers and skills of scientists who obtain NIH research grants, but few programs have been rigorously evaluated. The sizeable recent NIH investment in developing programs to increase the diversity of the NIH-funded workforce, implemented through the Diversity Program Consortium (DPC), is unusual in that it also funds a Consortium-wide evaluation plan, which spans the activities of the 10 BUilding Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) awardees and the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN). The purpose of this article is to describe the evaluation design and innovations of the BUILD Program on students, faculty, and institutions of the 10 primarily undergraduate BUILD sites.Our approach to this multi-methods quasi-experimental longitudinal evaluation emphasizes stakeholder participation and collaboration. The evaluation plan specifies the major evaluation questions and key short- to long-term outcome measures (or Hallmarks of Success). The Coordination and Evaluation Center (CEC) embarked on a comprehensive evaluation strategy by developing a set of logic models that incorporate the Hallmarks of Success and other outcomes that were collaboratively identified by the DPC. Data were collected from each BUILD site through national surveys from the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA (HERI), annual followup surveys that align with the HERI instruments, site visits and case studies, program encounter data ("tracker" data), and institutional data. The analytic approach involves comparing changes in Hallmarks (key outcomes) within institutions for biomedical students who participated versus those who did not participate in the BUILD program at each institution, as well as between institution patterns of biomedical students at the BUILD sites, and matched institutions that were not BUILD grantees. Case studies provide insights into the institutionalization of these new programs and help to explain the processes that lead to the observed outcomes.Ultimately, the results of the consortium-wide evaluation will be used to inform national policy in higher education and will provide relevant examples of institutional and educational programmatic changes required to diversify the biomedical workforce in the USA.

© 2015 Santiago Gallegos Tintoré et al. The antioxidant and metal chelating activities in J. curcas protein hydrolysates have been determined. The hydrolysates were produced by treatment of a nontoxic genotype with the digestive enzymes pepsin and pancreatin and then were characterized by fast protein liquid chromatography and reverse phase chromatography. Peptidic fractions with higher radical scavenging activity were analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring inhibition of the oxidative degradation of β-carotene and by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Caco-2 cell cultures. Cu2+ and Fe2+ chelating activities were also determined. The hydrolysates inhibited the degradation of β-carotene and the formation of ROS in Caco-2 cells. The lower molecular weight peptidic fractions from FPLC had stronger antioxidant activity in cell cultures compared with the hydrolysates, which correlated with a higher content in antioxidant and chelating amino acids. These fractions were characterized by a large presence of peptides with different molecular masses. The hydrolysates exhibited both Cu2+ and Fe2+ chelating activity. It was concluded that J. curcas is a good source of antioxidant and metal chelating peptides, which may have a positive impact on the economic value of this crop, as a potential source of food functional components. ; This work was supported by the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science, through Research Project AGL2007-63580, and the European Union through FEDER funds. Thanks are due to María Dolores García-Contreras and Alicia Chagolla for technical assistance. ; Peer Reviewed

La guerra de agresión que la administración norteamericana impulsa y financia contra la Revolución Popular Sandinista tiene como objetivo principal evitar que esta se consolide. Para tratar de conseguirlo ha recurrido a diversos medios de ataque: económicos, políticos, diplomáticos, militares e ideológicos. Los efectos de la guerra de agresión tales como la especulación, la inflación y el desabastecimiento, junto con los de la crisis económica mundial como la caída de los precios internacionales de nuestros productos de exportación, están golpeando fuertemente la conciencia de los trabajadores y pobladores en general. ¿Qué problemas políticos le está creando al estado revolucionario esta situación? Tres mitos o estereotipos que andan circulando por todo el país y que están siendo manejados por amplios sectores de la población incluyendo a la comunidad intelectual, a los cuadros intermedios del FSLN y del gobierno son: -La Revolución Popular Sandinista está perdiendo apoyo de los sectores populares producto de la crisis económica. -El mito o estereotipo de que el sector informal es el centro de la especulación. -Nicaragua es un país polarizado, en un polo se encuentran los burgueses y comerciantes y en el otro, la clase obrera. Las familias están conformadas por trabajadores que pertenecen a clases puras. Cada uno de estos tres mitos será abordado detalladamente más adelante.

In 2012, an unprecedented number of four distinct, partially overlapping filovirus-associated viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks were detected in equatorial Africa. Analysis of complete virus genome sequences confirmed the reemergence of Sudan virus and Marburg virus in Uganda, and the first emergence of Bundibugyo virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.