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The essay stresses the potential value of empathy in designing strategies for resilience. We question the traditional idea of empathy as an individual skill addressed to understand the other, in support of a conceptualization closer to the phenomenological interpretation, focused on the relational dynamics at stake in human encounters. The paper reconsiders empathy as an experience valuable for strengthening a resilient attitude within collaborative projects. A case study will be featured, i.e. Design in The Middle, an ongoing project that gathers designers, architects and social activists from the Middle East/Euro-Med regions with the aim of generating design proposals to address challenges relevant to the Middle East. As participants come from very different cultural, political and religious backgrounds, their cooperation is a central and critical issue, which might benefit from contextual and relational "rules" enabling empathic experiences. In the context of the first Design in The Middle workshop (2017), some strategies have proven to be crucial in enabling effective communication over complex design issues. These strategies will be analysed according to a methodology developed in a previous research carried out by the author(s) (Devecchi, 2018) about the role of empathy in collaborative processes. Assuming that a resilient society preserves and supports cultural diversity, Design in the Middle stands as an example of collaborative design practice aimed at creating a more resilient future for these regions in which the coexistence of diverse cultural, religious and political positions is a substantial matter of concern.

This paper addresses the topic of decolonial pedagogies in the Global South, analyzing Campus in Camps, an educational program founded in 2012 by Alessandro Petti and Sandi Hilal to activate critical communal learning in the Dheisheh refugee camp in Bethlehem, Palestine. The program reflects on refugee camps undergoing a process of social and spatial transformation. The paper raises two main questions: how does the Campus in Camps program decolonize knowledge construction methodologies in relation to camp life? How does it activate processes of embodied pedagogy in which knowledge is grounded in action and emerges as a group effort accommodating subjects born from interaction between participants, tutors and the broader social context? This article will first focus on the issue of conceiving the camp as a site of history and knowledge. Secondly, it will enquire into the pedagogical strategies, research methodologies and participatory design methods implemented in order to "decolonize knowledge" through collective un-learning practices. ; Este ensayo aborda el tema de pedagogías decoloniales en el sur global, analizando Campus in Camps, un programa educativo fundado en 2012 por Alessandro Petti y Sandi Hilal con el objetivo de activar el aprendizaje crítico comunal en el campo de refugiados de Dheisheh en Belén, Palestina. El programa reflexiona acerca de los procesos de transformación social y espacial por los que están pasando los campos de refugiados. El ensayo plantea dos preguntas principales: ¿De qué maneras el proyecto Campus in Camps descoloniza las metodologías de construcción de conocimiento en relación a la vida en el campo de refugiados? ¿Cómo activar procesos de pedagogía encarnada en el que el conocimiento se afinque en la acción y surja como un esfuerzo colectivo que incluya sujetos que nazcan de la interacción entre participantes, tutores y el contexto social más amplio? Primero, el artículo primero en el tema de concebir al campo de refugiados como un sitio de historia y de conocimiento. Segundo, interrogará las estrategias pedagógicas, metodologías de investigación y métodos de diseño participativo implementados para "descolonizar el conocimiento" a través de prácticas colectivas de des-aprendizaje.

7 pags., 6 figs., -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0 ; The design of achromatic optical components requires materials with high transparency and low dispersion. We show that although metals are highly opaque, densely packed arrays of metallic nanoparticles can be more transparent to infrared radiation than dielectrics such as germanium, even when the arrays are over 75% metal by volume. Such arrays form effective dielectrics that are virtually dispersion-free over ultra-broadband ranges of wavelengths from microns up to millimeters or more. Furthermore, the local refractive indices may be tuned by altering the size, shape, and spacing of the nanoparticles, allowing the design of gradient-index lenses that guide and focus light on the microscale. The electric field is also strongly concentrated in the gaps between the metallic nanoparticles, and the simultaneous focusing and squeezing of the electric field produces strong 'doubly-enhanced' hotspots which could boost measurements made using infrared spectroscopy and other non-linear processes over a broad range of frequencies. ; S.J.P. would like to acknowledge his studentship from the Centre for Doctoral Training on Theory and Simulation of Materials at Imperial College London funded by EPSRC Grant No. EP/L015579/1. R.A.A.-P., N.P.-P., L.G., and M.A.C.-D. thank the MINECO-Spain (CTM2014-58481R, CTM2017-84050R, CTQ2017-88648R, RYC-2015-19107 and RYC2016-20331), Xunta de Galicia (Centro Singular de Investigacion de Galicia, Acc. 2016-19 and EM2014/035), Generalitat de Cataluña (2017SGR883), URV (2017PFR-URV_B2-02), URV and Banco Santander (2017EXIT-08) and European Union (ERDF). X.X. acknowledges the Lee Family Scholarship. S.A.M. and R.V.C. acknowledge the EPSRC Mathematical Fundamentals of Metamaterials programme grant (EP/L024926/1) and the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research/EOARD (FA9550-17-1-0300). S.A.M. additionally acknowledges the Lee-Lucas Chair in Physics and DFG Cluster of Excellence Nanoinitiative Munich, and the Bavarian "Solar Technologies Go Hybrid" (SolTech) programme. R.V.C. thanks the Leverhulme Trust for their support. V.G. acknowledges the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (INTRAMURALES 201750I039).