The constituent process in which Chile is currently engaged has opened a new phase in the history of the Latin American nation. On the table, in fact, there is not "only" the adoption of a new constitution, but a fundamental pillar of the dictatorial legacy. Legacy that calls into question the profound lacerations produced by the extremely complex civic-military regime, which guided the country from 1973 to 1990, as well as the limits, contradictions and complicities of the period of democratic governments.
The constituent process in which Chile is currently engaged has opened a new phase in the history of the Latin American nation. On the table, in fact, there is not "only" the adoption of a new constitution, but a fundamental pillar of the dictatorial legacy. Legacy that calls into question the profound lacerations produced by the extremely complex civic-military regime, which guided the country from 1973 to 1990, as well as the limits, contradictions and complicities of the period of democratic governments. ; The constituent process in which Chile is currently engaged has opened a new phase in the history of the Latin American nation. On the table, in fact, there is not "only" the adoption of a new constitution, but a fundamental pillar of the dictatorial legacy. Legacy that calls into question the profound lacerations produced by the extremely complex civic-military regime, which guided the country from 1973 to 1990, as well as the limits, contradictions and complicities of the period of democratic governments.
Beyond the rhetoric and the very deep contradictions that seem to characterize the Trump administration, events seem to suggest that US continental politics will be characterized by the attempt to abandon or, at least, supersede some of the pillars of US foreign policy in Latin America since the post-Cold War. Security threats remain essentially the same, as is the tendency to establish privileged relationships with key partners in the region. What seems to have changed is trust in multilateral institutions and agreements, in the promotion of democracy, and, more generally, in that combination of hard and soft power which, since the end of the 1980s, was considered by US policy makers as the main way to preserve the 'liberal hegemony'. These things have been abandoned in favor not of a withdrawal from the continental scenario, but of a definitively unilateral and aggressive approach. It is difficult to predict what the effects of all this will be on the Latin American countries. The Trump administration's choices could even open paths unthinkable until now.
The essay analyzes the perception and representation of the Salvator Allende's government experience as it appears from the most representative Italian parliamentary and extra-parliamentary left newspapers, in the period between January 1972 and September 1973. The newspapers Avanti!, Lotta Continua, l'Unità, and the magazine of political analysis Rinascitawere characterized by a precise and detailed narrative of all phases of the Counter-revolutionary process culminated in the coup d'état of 11 September 1973. Highly differentiated were the perspectives from which each newspaper observed the "Chilean situation" as well as very differentiated were, in many cases, judgments, political evaluations, and the real field choices made by each newspaper. The chronicle of all events was accompanied by constant contributions in terms of reflection and analysis, with strong influence on the political debate inside the multifaceted world of the Italian left. ; El presente ensayo intenta analizar cómo algunos órganos de prensa de la izquierda parlamentaria y extraparlamentaria italiana percibieron y representaron los acontecimientos que caracterizaron el gobierno de Allende en el período comprendido entre enero de 1972 y septiembre de 1973. Los diarios Avanti!, IlManifesto, Lotta Continua, l'Unità, y la revista de análisis político Rinascitase distinguieron por hacer una narración puntual y detallada de todas las fases del proceso contrarrevolucionario que condujeron al golpe del 11 de septiembre de 1973. Los periódicos observaron la situación chilena desde perspectivas muy diferentes que dieron lugar a evaluaciones políticas y posturas desiguales, cuyos constantes aportes en términos de reflexión y de análisis condicionarían el debate político interno del abigarrado mundo de la izquierda italiana.
On February 24th 2019, by referendum, the majority of the Cuban population said "yes" to the new Constitution approved on December 22nd 2018 by the delegates of the National Assembly of People's Power. The new Charter replaced that of 1976, as modified by the reforms of 1992 and 2002. It is not the first time, in fact, that the Cuban ruling class has been able to adapt the constitutional regime of the country to the changes occurred on the international plan and to the new requirements progressively emerged internally. The essay aims to analyze, from a historical perspective, the basic reasons that led the Cuban government to provide the country with a new fundamental Charter, highlighting, at the same time, the most significant innovations introduced.
