Suchergebnisse

Cities are innovative places. Retail is one of the key features that better define them. In this paper, we study one of the most dynamic retail concepts - shopping centres. Using a case study methodology, we analyse the main features that characterise the evolution of shopping centres located in the main town centre of Braga, a medium-sized city in the northwest of Portugal. Data from fieldwork conducted by the author in 2017 in 16 shopping centres was compared with pre-existent databases from 1995 and 2008. Findings of this paper are in line with previous studies on the same city and they show that a marked downward trend is affecting the large majority of the shopping centres analysed, which is reflected on the high vacancy rates and changes in the importance of some retail categories, causing structural modifications in the tenant mix and questioning the economic viability of several of these retail precincts.

Retail planning policies have become more important in the course of retail change that negatively affected traditional trade centers of several Western European countries after the 1950s. Consequently, governments have begun to more actively control the development and location of new large-scale retail developments. The objective of this article is to analyze the evolution of the policy designed to control the implementation of new retail developments in Portugal. We aim to answer the following research question: "What have been the main characteristics of planning permissions for new retail developments in Portugal?" Besides the theoretical support, our research was based on the analysis of the Portuguese legislation implemented to regulate retail, especially major retail developments. We conclude that, overall, retail planning policies balance between periods characterized by the restrictiveness regarding the opening of new large retail developments and periods where the legislation is smoother, mainly with the objective of increasing innovation in retail, through new formats and companies. Consequently, although ambiguous, this control of retail development has allowed the government to respond both to private promoters and independent retailers. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A disciplina Psicologia da Educação surge na década de 60 com a expectativa de que possibilitar aosfuturos professores acesso a conhecimentos sobre o desenvolvimento humano e o processo de ensinoaprendizagem, pudesse ser útil para superar grande parte das dificuldades enfrentadas na escola.Entretanto, pesquisadores têm mostrado que a referida disciplina tem colaborado de modoquestionável na formação inicial dos professores. Considerando isto e as vivências como docente nareferida disciplina, este trabalho tem como objetivo promover reflexões acerca do modo como osconhecimentos da Psicologia têm sido articulados à Educação. Limitando-se a um estudo de caráterqualitativo amparado pela pesquisa bibliográfica o texto apresentado traz como reflexões algumasconsiderações sobre a disciplina Psicologia da Educação e suas contribuições com a formação doslicenciados se atentado mais especificamente à questão da atualização dos conteúdos trabalhados emsala de aula e à relação professor e estudante.

A presente pesquisa se propõe, em uma perspectiva histórico-evolutiva, a analisar o contexto de surgimento e desenvolvimento do direito ao voto, para, então, examinar a conduta que se reputa ser a mais nociva ao direito de sufrágio em exame, a corrupção eleitoral. Assim, frente ao direito que se pretende resguardar e à sua vulnerabilidade, demonstra-se de que forma as personagens do controle social formal têm se posicionado frente às indesejáveis investidas daqueles que se propõem a negociar votos, dada a sua responsabilidade de combate e prevenção como modo de pôr em exercício a democracia substancial pretendida para a sociedade.

Ethanol use as a fuel additive or directly as a fuel source has grown in popularity due to governmental regulations and in some cases economic incentives based on environmental concerns as well as a desire to reduce oil dependency. As a consequence, several countries are interested in developing their internal market for use of this biofuel. Currently, almost all bio-ethanol is produced from grain or sugarcane. However, as this kind of feedstock is essentially food, other efficient and economically viable technologies for ethanol production have been evaluated. This article reviews some current and promising technologies for ethanol production considering aspects related to the raw materials, processes, and engineered strains development. The main producer and consumer nations and future perspectives for the ethanol market are also presented. Finally, technological trends to expand this market are discussed focusing on promising strategies like the use of microalgae and continuous systems with immobilized ...