Suchergebnisse

In the past decades, the United States had welcomed a large number of foreign-born individuals into its society. At the same time, there is a question of whether the inflow of immigrants affects the educational attainment of U.S. natives. To shed light on the issue, this article examines an episode in American history when approximately 125,000 Cuban refugees entered Florida in the short six-month period between April and September of 1980, later known as the Mariel Boatlift. The results from difference-in-differences analysis show a temporary decline (1.6 pp.) in school enrollment among non-Hispanic white individuals following Mariel Boatlift. This temporary decline is mainly driven by a decrease in college enrollment. Examining how the affected cohorts fared after they have completed their education, about 30 years after the event, the results show that Mariel Boatlift does not have an economically meaningful impact on their educational attainment, suggesting that many individuals leaving schools in the short period after the event re-enroll in the subsequent years. This finding is consistent with recent studies that found that the inflow of Cuban refugees improved the labor market conditions of less-skilled workers in the short period after Mariel Boatlift, increasing the opportunity costs of pursuing higher education.

Abstract
Low-skilled immigration has been argued to lower the price of services that are close substitutes for household production, reducing barriers for women to enter the labor market. Therefore, policies that reduce the number of low-skilled immigrants who work predominantly in low-skilled service occupations may have an unintended consequence of lowering women's participation in the labor market. This article examines the labor supply impact of the Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA), which led to a large decline in the low-skilled immigrant workforce of the state. The analysis shows no evidence that LAWA statistically significantly affected US-born women's labor supply in Arizona. This finding is partly explained by an increase in native workers in household service occupations due to LAWA, which offset the decline in immigrants in these occupations and caused the cost of household services to be relatively uninfluenced by the passage of LAWA.

AbstractIn recent decades, the USA has admitted a large number of foreign-born students into its educational system, raising concerns that the presence of foreign-born students would adversely impact the educational achievement of US-born students and incentivize them to move to private schools where there are fewer immigrant students. In this article, I attempt to extend our understanding of how stricter immigration policy, such as the Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA), may affect college enrollment and the public-private school choice of US-born individuals. The analysis shows that the share of immigrant students across Arizona's educational system declined significantly by the passage of LAWA: the share of foreign-born students in elementary and secondary schools in Arizona would be higher by approximately 1.1 and 1.7 percentage points, respectively, in the absence of LAWA. Similarly, the share of foreign-born college students in Arizona declined significantly by 1.5 percentage points due to LAWA. Despite this decline, there is no evidence that LAWA has statistically significantly affected natives' college enrollment rates. However, there is evidence that LAWA reduces the proportion of US-born white non-Hispanic student in higher education attending private colleges.