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This study explores the trends in public accountability of New Zealand universities. It applies the Public Accountability Index (PAI) developed by Coy and Dixon (2004) to eight New Zealand universities' annual reports from years 2000 to 2012 to assess the development of public accountability in this public sector. Coy and Dixon (2004) applied the PAI to New Zealand universities for the period 1985-2000. This study extends their study to explore the changes of accountability practices in New Zealand universities over the last 12 years. It finds that the information disclosed in annual reports of universities has changed over the years in terms of format, content, and length. However, the overall public accountability disclosures have not significantly changed for the period 2000 to 2012 compared to the previous study of 1985-2000. The study concludes that the changes of accountability practices is somewhat motivated by the legislative changes.

Can the Dual-Sequence-Frequency-Hopping (DSFH) as a military emergency communication mode work under strong color noise? And is there any detection improvement of the DSFH signal via stochastic resonance (SR) processing under color noise? To deal with this problem, we analyze the physical feature of the DSFH signal. Firstly, the signal models of transmission, reception and the intermediate frequency (IF) are constructed. And the scale transaction is used to adjust the IF signal to fit the SR. Secondly, the non-markovian Langevin Equation (LE) is transformed into a markovian one by expand the 1-D LE to~a 2-D one. Thirdly, the non-autonomous Fokker-Plank Equation (FPE) is transformed into an autonomous one by assuming that the SR transition of magnetic particles is instantaneous and introducing the decision time. Therefore, the analytical periodic steady solution of the probability density function (PDF) with the parameter of the correlation time of the color noise is obtained. Finally, the detection probability, false alarm probability and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve are obtained, under the criterion of the maximum~a posterior probability (MAP). Theoretical and simulation results show as below: 1) whether the DSFH can work under strong color noise is decided by the correlation time of the color noise; 2) when the power intensity of the color noise is constant, the smaller the correlation time with the bigger local SNR, the greater PDF difference of the SR output under two hypothesis, leading to better detection performance.

Traditional wireless security focuses on preventing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications from suspicious eavesdropping and/or jamming attacks. However, there is a growing need for governments to keep malicious UAV communications under legitimate surveillance. This paper first investigates a new surveillance paradigm for monitoring suspicious UAV communications via jamming suspicious UAVs. Due to the power consumption limitation, the choice of eavesdropping and jamming will reflect the performance of the UAVs communication. Therefore, the paper analyses the UAV's eavesdropping and jamming models in different cases, and then proposes the model to optimize the data package in the constraints of lower power consumption, which can be solved by the proposed selection policy. The simulation results validate our proposed selection policy in terms of power consumption and eavesdropped packets. In different fading models, power consumption increases with time, regardless of distances, and our proposed policy performs better in Weibull fading channels in terms of eavesdropped packets.

Transition-metal dichalcogenides PtTe2, PdTe2, and NiTe2 deserve particular attention, due to the presence of type-II Dirac fermions. As a matter of fact, tilted Dirac cones afford a suitable platform for optoelectronics of dissipation-less carrier-transport, favored by their ultrahigh carrier mobility, and large nonsaturating magnetoresistance. Herein, it is shown that PtTe2, PdTe2, and NiTe2 display high-speed terahertz (THz) detection capability at room temperature, which originates from their peculiar band structure with topologically protected electronic states. Furthermore, photodetectors based on their heterostructures are able to suppress dark current with high-performance detection of THz light. Furthermore, these crystals are stable in air and they can be easily exfoliated in nanosheets by liquid-phase exfoliation, due to the weak interlayer van der Waals bonds. The obtained results clearly establish that the type-II Dirac semimetals based on transition-metal ditellurides have immense research potential for addressing application-oriented issues for remote sensing and telecommunications. © 2021 The Authors. physica status solidi (RRL) Rapid Research Letters published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. ; The support was provided by the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (nos. 2017YFA0305500 and 2018YFA0306204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 61521005, 61875217, and 91850208), and the STCSM Grants (no. 1859078100 and 19590780100). Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (grant no. 2019SHZDZX01). The project was funded by State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University (KF1809). The work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (through the basic part of the government mandate, project no. FEUZ‐2020‐0060). B.G. and A.A. acknowledge funding from Science Education and Research Board (SERB) and Department of Science and Technology (DST), government of India.

Only five species of the once-diverse Rhinocerotidae remain, making the reconstruction of their evolutionary history a challenge to biologists since Darwin. We sequenced genomes from five rhinoceros species (three extinct and two living), which we compared to existing data from the remaining three living species and a range of outgroups. We identify an early divergence between extant African and Eurasian lineages, resolving a key debate regarding the phylogeny of extant rhinoceroses. This early Miocene (∼16 million years ago [mya]) split post-dates the land bridge formation between the Afro-Arabian and Eurasian landmasses. Our analyses also show that while rhinoceros genomes in general exhibit low levels of genome-wide diversity, heterozygosity is lowest and inbreeding is highest in the modern species. These results suggest that while low genetic diversity is a long-term feature of the family, it has been particularly exacerbated recently, likely reflecting recent anthropogenic-driven population declines. © 2021 The Authors. ; The authors acknowledge support from the Science for Life Laboratory, the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and the National Genomics Infrastructure funded by the Swedish Research Council and Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. We thank the Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo for providing the Javan rhinoceros sample. We thank the Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (UB RAS, Ekaterinburg) for providing the sample of Siberian unicorn. M.T.P.G. was supported by European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator grant 681396 (Extinction Genomics). E.D.L. was supported by Independent Research Fund Denmark grant 8021-00218B . A.C. was supported by an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship ( FL140100260 ). T.M.B. is supported by funding from the ERC under the European Union's Horizon ...