Suchergebnisse

FDI is very important for countries to reduce their rates of unemployment. Therefore, knowledge on foreign direct investment, economic growth, government revenue, increased tax, and living standard and its application will help determine its success on employment creation in every economy. The paper examines the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on employment creation in Nigeria. The study was exploratory research, which was conducted using a survey design. Valid sample adequacy of 292 respondents was employed. We conducted a comprehensive investigation to determine the impact of each variable on employment. During the statistical analysis, we employed the multiple linear regression model and ANOVA test to establish the significant impact of the explanatory variables (foreign direct investment, economic growth, government revenue, increased tax, and living standard) on employment. Our test results suggest that hypotheses (H1, H2, H3, and H4) have established the following results: Foreign direct investment is statistically not significant on employment creation. Economic growth is not statistically significant in employment creation. Government revenue generation through foreign direct investment does not impact positively on employment creation and an increase in tax revenue does not impact positively on employment creation respectively. The test result is an indication that foreign direct investment received into the Nigerian economy is not impacting significantly on employment creation. However, H5 statistically established that whenever employment is created it will affect living standards positively. This indicates that a percentage change in employment creation will lead to a positive change or increase in the living standards of the people. A negative reverse of this result will widen the unemployment gap in the country which will consequently affect the living standard of the populace. The research is an important contribution to the existing knowledge on FDI. The application of these research ...

We examine the effects of government R&D support on a firm's access to external financing, focusing on the mechanisms through which the impacts are achieved. Based on a panel dataset of Chinese manufacturing firms, we compare firms backed by government R&D subsidies with a control group of firms in their capability to access external financial resources. To address identification issues, we employ a propensity score matching approach to construct the control group and estimate the effects of government R&D subsidies in a difference-in-difference manner. Above all, we find significant ex-post effects of such subsidies on firms' access to external financing after addressing the identification issues. We investigate two mechanisms, namely, direct funding effects and certification effects. In particular, we decompose direct funding effects by identifying the equity effect and the prototyping effect and decompose certification effects by separating quality certification from the certification of the political capital of entrepreneurial firms. We find that both direct funding and certification mechanisms are at play. Specifically, government R&D subsidies have significant and positive effects on innovation outputs but not on the financial returns of firms, supporting the prototyping effects of the direct funding of government subsidies in China. Furthermore, government subsidies for R&D primarily serve as a certificate for political capital rather than the quality of the firms in China. Government-supported firms receive further subsidies afterward. Moreover, the effects of government R&D subsidies are more potent in regions where the local governments are more efficient and impose less intervention in business activities. However, the effects of government subsidies are not sensitive to the magnitude of information problems related to the quality of entrepreneurial firms.

AbstractThis paper explores the initial integration experiences of Syrian refugee children in schools in Canada. We conducted two focus groups with twelve Syrian refugee parents and three focus groups with eighteen children. Our research shows that Syrian refugee children experienced emotional barriers while struggling with their identity as Syrian "refugees." Their low English proficiency, English only practice in classrooms and teachers' low expectations further exacerbated the barriers to children's school integration. Syrian refugee children not only found it difficult to make friends with local students but were also subjected to constant bullying and racism that affected their sense of belonging and connection. Our research has both local and global implications, given a global increase in refugee student population. This paper makes an important contribution to the student voice theory by integrating the voices and concerns of Syrian refugee children trying to integrate into the Canadian school system.