Suchergebnisse

Purpose
This study aims to explore how the co-created value arising from integrated solutions results in both, intended and spill-over effects.


Design/methodology/approach
The research uses a qualitative multi-level field study, with data from 12 respondents in 1 supplier firm and 29 respondents from 10 buying firms.


Findings
The resulting propositions suggest that co-created value developed through exploitative and emerging strategies, each may lead to both higher intended and spill-over effects. However, it appears that exploitative strategies are more effective in returning intended effects, whereas emerging strategies lead to higher spill-over effects.


Research limitations/implications
The results are exploratory, obtained from a limited number of buyer companies. Concerns of external validity were traded off against opportunities to gain insights into a poorly understood phenomenon.


Originality/value
The paper contributes to the existing value co-creation literature by offering insights from integrated solutions, associated with the development of buyer and seller relationships. The resulting propositions suggest that co-created value developed through both exploitative and emerging strategies may each lead to both higher intended and spill-over effects. However, it appears that exploitative strategies are more effective in returning intended effects, whereas emerging strategies lead to higher spill-over effects.

The Internet and its commercial applications in electronic commerce, particularly new ventures like B2B e‐markets, are experiencing a volatile introduction to the business environment. Businesses are restructuring and forming networks in an effort to accommodate and use this new phenomenon to their advantage. From this perspective, this article offers a conceptual framework on the process of creating these new ventures, the impact of network champions in the creation process and the strategic significance of the competency‐destroying innovation (Internet) for buyers and sellers who join the B2B e‐market. Several working propositions are developed from the extant literature that should be useful for empirical work on how new B2B e‐markets are implemented. The paper presents a refined proposition based on a field study of a B2B e‐market case.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the relationship factors, including equity, shared responsibility and relationship dependence leverage the value co-creation. The research studies the value co-creation process in a business-to-business (B2B) context between suppliers and customers and provides empirical evidence of the underlying effects.Design/methodology/approachUsing social exchange theory, the research uses a mixed-method of in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys. The sample of the survey has 123 business customers.FindingsThe findings suggest that equity not only positively affects but also mediates the effect of shared responsibility on value co-creation. The mediation effect is further moderated by the relationship dependence that buyers have on the seller.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional survey used cannot establish causality relationships. Although the goal was not to establish causality, it could limit the rigor of the study. The longitudinal design could be used in the future to better address this deficiency. While the paper is the initial step to analyze the factors influencing value co-creation empirically, more studies could examine other commonly discussed constructs.Originality/valueThis empirical study enriches the value co-creation literature by examining the antecedents' detailed mechanism that facilitates value co-creation in a B2B context.

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) has recently recommended that antiretrovirals be initiated in all individuals with CD4 counts of less than 350 cells/mm3. For countries with resources too limited to expand care to all such patients, it would be of value to able to identify and target populations at highest risk of HIV progression. Renal disease has been identified as a risk factor for disease progression or death in some populations.MethodsTimes to meeting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation criteria (developing either a CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 or WHO stage 3 or 4 disease) and overall mortality were evaluated in cART‐naïve, HIV‐infected Kenyan adults with CD4 cell counts ≥200/mm3 and with WHO stage 1 or 2 disease. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the associations between renal function and these endpoints.ResultsWe analyzed data of 7383 subjects with a median follow‐up time of 59 (interquartile range, 27‐97) weeks. In Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, WHO disease stage, CD4 cell count and haemoglobin, estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) < 60 mL/min was significantly associated with shorter times to meeting cART initiation criteria (HR 1.34; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.52) and overall mortality (HR 1.73; 95% CI, 1.19‐2.51) compared with CrCl ≥60 mL/min. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was associated with shorter times to meeting cART initiation criteria (HR 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22‐1.58), but not with overall mortality. CrCl and eGFR remained associated with shorter times to cART initiation criteria, but neither was associated with mortality, in weight‐adjusted analyses.ConclusionsIn this large natural history study, reduced renal function was strongly associated with faster HIV disease progression in adult Kenyans not initially meeting cART initiation criteria. As such, renal function measurement in resource‐limited settings may be an inexpensive method to identify those most in need of cART to prevent progression to AIDS. The initial association between reduced CrCl, but not reduced eGFR, and greater mortality was explained by the low weights in this population.

OBJECTIVE: For individuals with 1–2 small (<1 cm) low-risk colorectal adenomas, international guidelines range from no surveillance to offering surveillance colonoscopy in 5–10 years. We hypothesised that the risks for metachronous advanced neoplasia (AN) among patients with low-risk adenomas differ based on clinical factors distinct from those currently used. DESIGN: We pooled data from seven prospective studies to assess the risk of metachronous AN. Two groups with 1–2 small adenomas were defined based on guidelines from the UK (n=4516) or the European Union (EU)/US (n=2477). RESULTS: Absolute risk of metachronous AN ranged from a low of 2.9% to a high of 12.2%, depending on specific risk factor and guideline used. For the UK group, the highest absolute risks for metachronous AN were found among individuals with a history of prior polyp (12.2%), villous histology (12.2%), age ≥70 years (10.9%), high-grade dysplasia (10.9%), any proximal adenoma (10.2%), distal and proximal adenoma (10.8%) or two adenomas (10.1%). For the EU/US group, the highest absolute risks for metachronous AN were among individuals with a history of prior polyp (11.5%) or the presence of both proximal and distal adenomas (11.0%). In multivariate analyses, strong associations for increasing age and history of prior polyps and odds of metachronous AN were observed, whereas more modest associations were shown for baseline proximal adenomas and those with villous features. CONCLUSIONS: Risks of metachronous AN among individuals with 1–2 small adenomas vary according to readily available clinical characteristics. These characteristics may be considered for recommending colonoscopy surveillance and require further investigation.