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During the Iraq war, the Bush administration justified its preemptive military strike against Iraq on grounds of national security. The strike, carried out under the administration's National Security Strategy, asserts the right of the USA to take unilateral military action against rogue states and terrorist organizations so as to prevent or mitigate a presumed attack by such nations or organizations against the United States. However, the administration's action has been widely criticized as not being in conformity with international law, customary law, and UN Security Council resolutions. The doctrine's implications are serious as it may encourage other states, such as India, to take unilateral action against their adversaries. The failure of the UN to prevent US aggression against Iraq has also given rise to the suggestion that the UN is redundant in such circumstances, a view seen by US and Indian foreign policy ideologues as a favorable development.

Chapter1: Phycoremediation Technology: A Global prospective -- Chapter2: The diatoms: from eutrophic indicators to mitigators -- Chapter3: A review on micropollutants removal by microalgae -- Chapter4: Developing designer microalgae consortia: A suitable approach to sustainable wastewater treatment -- Chapter5: Outdoor Microalgae Cultivation for Wastewater Treatment -- Chapter6: Current state of knowledge on algae mediated remediation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) from wastewater -- Chapter7: Bioremediation of municipal sewage using potential microalgae -- Chapter8: Phycoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Polluted Sites: Application, Challenges and Future Prospects -- Chapter9: Genetic Technologies and Enhancement of Algal Utilization in Wastewater Treatment and Bioremediation -- Chapter10: Potential and Feasibility of the Microalgal system in removal of pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater -- Chapter11: Phycoremediation of persistent organic pollutants from wastewater: Retrospect and prospects -- Chapter12: Feasibility of microalgal technologies in pathogens removal from wastewater -- Chapter13: Remediation of domestic wastewater using algal-bacterial biotechnology -- Chapter14: Phycoremediation of textile waste water: Possibilities and Constraints -- chapter15: Potential and application of Diatoms for industry-specific wastewater treatment -- Chapter16: Feasibility of using bacterial-microalgal consortium for the bioremediation of organic pesticides: Application constraints and future prospects -- Chapter17: Potential of blue-green algae in wastewater treatment -- Chapter18: Photobioreactors for Wastewater Treatment -- Chapter19: Design considerations of algal systems for wastewater treatment -- Chapter20: Phycoremediation of heavy metals from water and wastewater

Chapter1: Phycoremediation of Nutrients and Valorisation of Microalgal Biomass: An Economic Perspective -- Chapter2: Astaxanthin production by microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis through wastewater treatment: waste to resource -- Chapter3: Potential of microalgae for integrated biomass production utilizing CO2 and food industry wastewater -- Chapter4: Microalgae: A biorefinary approach for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater -- Chapter5: Dual role of microalgae in wastewater treatment and biodiesel production -- Chapter6: A Biorefinery From Nannochloropsis spp. utilizing wastewater resources -- Chapter7: Cultivation of microalgae on anaerobically digested agro-industrial wastes and by-products -- Chapter8: Industrial wastewaters based microalgal biorefinery: A dual strategy to remediate waste and produce microalgal bioproducts -- Chapter9: Phyco-remediation of dairy effluents and biomass valorisation: a sustainable approach -- Chapter10: Commercial potential of Phycoremediation of wastewater: A way forward -- Chapter11: Potential biotechnological applications of microalgae grown in wastewater: A holistic approach -- Chapter12: Microalgal biofuels production from industrial and municipal wastewaters -- Chapter13: Potential of microalgae for wastewater treatment and its valorization into added-value products -- Chapter14: Microbial carbon capture cell: Advanced bioelectrochemical system for wastewater treatment, electricity generation and algal biomass production -- Chapter15: Microalgal systems for integrated carbon sequestration from flue gas and wastewater treatment -- Chapter16: Industrial waste water based algal biorefineries: Application constraints and future prospects -- Chapter17: Volarization of nutrient rich urinal wastewater by microalgae for biofuel production -- Chapter18: Comprehensive overview of biomethane production potential of algal biomass cultivated in wastewater -- Chapter19: Role of Microalgal biotechnology in environmental sustainability -- Chapter20; An integrated approach of wastewater mitigation and biomass production for biodiesel using Scenedesmus sp. -- Chapter21: Microalgae and wastewaters: From ecotoxicological interactions to produce a carbohydrate-rich biomass towards biofuel application -- Chapter22: Comprehensive evaluation of High Rate Algal Ponds: wastewater treatment and biomass production

Urban India is likely to face a massive waste disposal problem in the coming years. Traditionally, the problem of waste has been seen simply as one of cleaning and disposing. But a closer look at the current and future scenarios reveals that waste needs to be treated holistically, recognising its natural resource roots as well as its health impacts. Waste has not only tremendous potential for generating livelihoods for the urban poor but also for enriching the earth. Escalating rural-to-urban migration and density of population will make waste management an increasingly difficult issue to handle in the near future, if new management approaches are not developed. A possible new paradigm of waste management is the 'cradle-to-grave' approach with responsibility for waste management being shared by many stakeholders, including product manufacturers, consumers and communities, the recycling industry, traders, municipalities and the urban poor. This paradigm is being experimented with by community-based waste management projects in pockets of the city that have been doing door-to-door collection on a service fee, segregating the waste and reducing a substantial amount of waste through recycling and composting. This approach is in stark contrast to the prevalent municipal system of managing waste in a centralised fashion where waste is collected by the municipality and dumped into land-fills. It is estimated that today 80 to 90% of city waste is currently dumped into open land-fill sites.