In the present scenario, there has been tremendous increase in the Financial Frauds, White Collar Crimes, and Professional Negligence etc. due to flourishing businesses and diversified operations. Recent Accounting frauds and requirement of transparency as well as governance gives the rise to the need of Forensic Accounting in the Corporate Sector. Internal and External auditors can only check the arithmetical accuracy and the compliance with the Accounting Standards, Auditing Standards and Policies in the preparation of Books of Accounts. The new arena of accounting world be helpful to detect the suspected business transactions, frauds and other criminal offences.
Energy is one of the important building blocks in human development and act as a key factor in determining the economic development of any country. To meeting the demands of a developing nation, Energy requirement in the Form of Coal, Gas, oil and most important Electricity is necessary. This paper attempts to present full picture of Indian energy sector which is growing rapidly. However since, resource allocation and growth in energy supply have failed to meet the demands exerted by the increasing population, rapid urbanization and growing economy. First we identify factor of energy shortage in India, forcing it to rely heavily on imports. Second we develop a multiple linear regression model which includes all independent variables (Population, Inflation, and GDP) to determine energy consumption in India. India is a developing economy. Energy requirement in India are basically electricity, oil, coal, biomass and gas. India's energy-mix comprises both non-renewable (coal, lignite, petroleum and natural gas) and renewable energy sources (wind, solar, small hydro, biomass, cogeneration biogases etc.). Based on these model we give conclusion such that which independent variable (population, Inflation and GDP) is more impacting coal, oil, gas and electricity consumption in India as well as Current patterns of energy use and assumptions about future trends in economic activity, we constructed an activity driven model to forecast what would be the natural short term evolution of energy use in India for each end use segment by. Through analysis of current patterns of energy use, drivers of energy use were collected at the sub-sector level. We connected drivers of model with evolution of GDP to determine what would be the impact of economic growth on drivers of energy use. It also includes fuel or technology switching in the forecast.
There is a striking difference between developed and developing nations in terms of general insurance penetration and density. It was highest for United States in 2008. It was very closely followed by Switzerland. In fact, General insurance density and penetration both has always been high for these two countries. In this way, these two countries can be regarded as the world leader in general insurance industry. General insurance penetration has not shown much change over the years. For developed countries the average General insurance penetration for 2008 was 3.40 while that of developing nations was just 2.90. Also, there have been no major changes in these values since 2001. Among developing countries, South Africa and Taiwan are fast gaining momentum. Russia is also a close competitor in terms of general insurance penetration. In the Indian sub-continent, it is Sri Lanka that has shown the maximum general insurance penetration and density. India is the next in the rank.
The human mind is not as good at processing large amounts of information as we might like. Psychologists have shown that human beings are only able to juggle small numbers of related and often conflicting pieces of information without making judgment errors. As a result, individuals faced with the vast amounts of information available to support investment decisions often find themselves swamped by the enormity of the task; unable to see the wood from the trees. Technical analysis is a field of financial markets research that works to address the above problem by focusing on a single, commonly available, data source that reflects all known information and activity relating to all monetary securities- Price history. Technical analysts argue that as markets are efficient, prices reflect all known information and that they move over time as participants react to new information and changing needs.
As a result, the technical analysis of these price changes can provide real insight into the market dynamics and be used to develop trade strategies that exhibit superior risk/reward characteristics. While technical analysis approaches have developed significantly over the past few decades, some techniques are far more ancient. While their real origins are anonymous, Japanese candlestick charts have been recorded as being employed in the rice markets as far back as the 1600s. What is particularly interesting is that various of these ancient approaches continue to provide highly effective trading signals when applied to modern markets and securities.
Crude oil price volatility is in the midst of the largest business risk that oil and gas companies face. This is followed by unstable policy regime, managing costs and risks emerging from technological advancements. The high levels and rapid fluctuations of petroleum prices have become a great concern to individual consumers, firms, policy makers and society. Technical Analysis is the forecasting of future financial price movements based on an examination of past price movements. Like weather forecasting, technical analysis does not result in absolute predictions about the future. Instead, technical analysis can help investors anticipate what is "likely" to happen to prices over time. Technical analysis uses a wide variety of charts that show price over time. Hence, to mitigate the negative impacts of price volatility and to predict about the future price movement of crude oil and natural gas we can use technical analysis.
Technical analysis is the study of market action, primarily through the use of charts, for the purpose of forecasting price trends. The term "market action" includes the three principal source of action available to the technician-price, volume and open interest. This research paper highlights fundamental factor which affects the Brent price and analysed the factor which are highly correlated with Brent price and on the basis of the results forecasted the Brent price for next five years. Fundamental analysis of Brent oil, price pattern & movement of crude oil has also been carried out using candlestick technical tool.
At the down of 21st Century, Financial Intelligence emerged as a corporate discipline. Greater Financial Intelligence helps people to understand what the organization is trying to achieve and how they affect results. What is the art of Finance and why it matters? Why cash is the king? How a Balance sheet reveals the most? This book attempts to review and resolve these issues. This book also attempts to examine how to calculate Return on Investment (R.O.I) and how to create a financially intelligent company?
Indian Economy being characterized as Global Economy leading to inorganic growth through Mergers, Acquisitions, Takeovers and Joint Ventures. Mergers would affect the company's inflow and outflow of various variables like sales, expenses and cash position etc. It becomes imperative to evaluate the pre merger and post merger conditions of the firms so that successful deal can be carried out. The deal would also affect the shareholders wealth. The prediction of future forecasted sales and other variables, gains and losses from the deal are the key areas or principal governing factors to be taken care of. This research paper is an attempt to analyze the valuation of the merger deal under consideration (Tata Corus) and the pre as well as post merger situation of two companies. In this paper, the valuation of the deal is being carried out using Merger Valuation Model i.e. Discounted Cash Flow and Data mining tools like SPSS to establish a suitable trend line and justifying the deal. The Forecasting is being done till 2011.
India is a growing economy. It grows by leaps and bounds day by day. With the introduction of Liberalisation, Privatization and Globalization, the economy has become an open financial system. There is vast number of opportunities available in the economy for the companies to grow, succeed and diversify their business. Availing of growth opportunities by the company depends on the availability of finance. Starting a new venture, expanding the existing venture or diversifying the existing venture would require the funds. For raising funds, the company has to move in the Capital Market. In Capital Market, Initial Public Offer (IPO) is one of the major methods to raise finance from the public. IPO occurs when the company issues its shares in the Primary Market. IPO help the company in extending liquidity from the market.
Machine Learning has become a buzz word these days. In this paper we have review what exactly is Machine Learning and how it can be used in various industries providing a Competitive Advantage to Organizations to outperform its competitors and also sustain in the market. Machine Learning helps an organization or an industry to grow leading to growth in economy also while being committed to the various Sustainable Development Goals. After the Pandemic, Industries and firms have realized the importance of going Digital to stay and sustain in their respective businesses. This has provided a push towards the ML to make smart business processes for critical cost cutting, efficient economic recovery, informed decision making and as a result improving the ROI (Return on Investment). In this paper we have understood Machine Learning and reviewed various Services provided by ML for industry growth. Also, we have highlighted various applications of Machine Learning in different industries and how it can push the Indian Market towards expansion for its products and services resulting to a healthy and growing economy. At Last we have provided some suggestions as how MLcan be implemented in the Indian scenario of Oil and Gas Industry which plays a crucial role in a growing economy while committing and fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
With establishment of International Solar Alliance in New Delhi and due to the push given to renewable energy by the current government India has opened new dimension for innovation, investment and industry. This government has made a significant effort to push India's renewable energy ambition. Due to this push India is now the 4th largest wind power producer in the world only behind of China, USA & Germany. India has made record addition to the solar power capacity in last 5 years. Although the recently concluded Financial Year (FY19) has shown a dip in installation of solar power with only 6500MW installed in the year. With this trend in the country the researchers are focusing on the scenario of renewable energy in India. So, the papers which are recently made available in the public domain are concerned with the current scenario. The surge in renewable energy is a good sign for the nation as renewable is the future. Though the rising demand of the fastest growing economy of the world can't be satisfied with this growth in renewable energy. In simply words, the growth of the renewable energy is not enough to sustain the growth of the Indian economy. This statement is supported by the growing dependence of India on imported crude oil. Dependence of imported crude oil has gone up to 83.7% in Financial Year 19 from 82% in FY18. Hence, it can be said that the oil and gas sector is not getting the required focus.
Development of an optimum portfolio to minimize risk and maximize return is required before taking any investment decision. Portfolio optimization is required when you think of investing in oil and gas sector as its one of the most volatile sectors. This study is focused on developing an optimum portfolio for investment in oil and gas sector in India. Hence, 11 companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange is selected for the study. Risk and return of all the 11 companies are calculated. The companies are ranked according to their risk. Weightage of investment is assigned to the top 5 companies (with lowest risk).
The study has been conducted to construct an optimum portfolio of oil and gas companies using Markowitz Model. The study has been conducted on individual securities listed in Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The objectives of this study are:
Risk and return analysis of individual securities of oil and gas companies in India listed with BSE.
To identify the opportunities of investment in oil and gas companies and development of an optimum portfolio for investment in these companies.
To construct optimal portfolio using Markowitz Model.
To check whether Markowitz Model performs well in Oil and gas companies well in BSE or not.
The Indian Agriculture Sector is on the edge of a rebellion that will revolutionize the complete food chain by means of the total food production in India is expected to twofold in the following ten years. Outstanding export projections, competitive pricing of agricultural products that are internationally comparable has created trade prospects in the agro industry. Agricultural Output is expected to grow by 11% in 2018-2019 after recording a 8-9 % increase in the previous years. It will create Indian Agriculture Industry Gateway by which exporter and importer can fulfill their requirement and reap the benefits of agro related opportunities. MCX (Multi Commodity Exchange) and NCDEX (National Commodity Derivatives Exchange) has developed opportunities for trading in spot and forward trade. It will help to develop India as Agricultural Based Economy. Trading of agricultural commodities help the traders to take the advantage of Price Fluctuations but also faces Investment Risk and Price Risk. Movement in future prices create the possibility for short
Introduction Forests play a substantial role in ecological environmental development. Austria is a mountainous and highly developed central Western European country with a landscaping dominated by Alps and forests. The forest area is nearly half (48%) of the full total section of the country which percentage is growing (Fachzeitschrift Ländlicher Raum, Austrian government). Small level family still dominates the range, although the importance of the primary sector is declining, it is relevant to the management of the landscaping and the ecosystem. In Austria, almost all the farms are family held however in the context of the paper, private farms are also considered irrespective of the house size and activities. In Austria, around 50% of the forest area belongs to private holdings. Holdings significantly less than 50 ha accounts for 32% (Fachzeitschrift Ländlicher Raum, Austrian government), the task is to increase services when coping with private small-scale forestry. Whereas holdings bigger than 500 ha show a usage rate of 104.9% of the increment (Timber production), the utilization for holdings below 200 ha amounted to only 72% of the increment (Fachzeitschrift Ländlicher Raum, Austrian government). Demographic and monetary improvements increase deforestation threatens the ecosystems routine. Hence, UN Sustainable Development Goal 15, goals 15.1 and 15.4, which list forest area as a percentage of total land area and the conservation of ecosystems are goals in forestry that play a s stringent role in Austria, especially in rural, mountainous areas.
