Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Ethnic Conflict and Social Movements -- A Multi-Institutional Politics Approach -- What Makes a Kurdish Activist -- The Argument of the Book -- How Does Meaning-Making Matter? -- Organization of the Book -- 2. Kurdish Movements in the Southeast -- The Kurdish Ethno-Nationalist Movement -- Hizbullah in Turkey -- The Gülen/Hizmet Movement -- Locating the Pro-Islamic AKP -- 3. Exogenous Shocks on the Eve of the Millennium -- Abdullah Öcalan: The Role of the PKK Leader in Shaping Kurdish Politics -- The EU Factor: Turkey's Membership Process and De-Securitization -- Changing International Political Environment -- The Rise of the AKP: Radical Shifts in Turkish Politics -- 4. Civic Competition and Conflict Transformation -- Emerging Arenas of Competition in the Kurdish Civic Sphere -- Arenas of Competition and Strategy-Making -- 5. Resemblance and Difference -- Constructing Kurdish Civil Society -- Why Charity Organizations? -- Exogenous Shocks: Increasing Poverty and the Emergence of Kurdish Slums -- Constructing Competition through Resemblance: The Charity Initiatives -- "Education is Our Job": The Gülen Movement Goes to Slums -- Namûsa Me Azadîya Me Ye: The Democratic Free Women's Movement -- Religious Public Symbolism: Hizbullah Finds Its Niche -- Civic Activism and Conflict Transformation -- 6. Going Native -- Contesting Kurdish Islam -- Revolutionary Ideology as a Discursive Process -- The Kurdish Ethno-Nationalist Movement, Islamic Identity, and Symbolic Localization -- Symbolic Localization and Conflict Transformation -- 7. Îslam Çareser e -- Islamic Activists Discover Kurdish -- Increasing Competition over Kurdish Language -- Hizbullah: From Ayatollah Khomeini to Said Nursi -- HÜDA-PAR: Calling the Party of God in Kurdish -- 8. Enemies of the "Deep State."

Governments have put in place instruments to control the transit of goods and ensure that national regulatory frameworks are followed by transport companies, in particular to ensure revenue collection and reduce security risks, e.g., violation of import/export restrictions, money laundering, evasion of local taxes or duties, etc. Nevertheless, many of these instruments are known to bring additional burdens to companies. In this chapter, these burdens are analyzed under the form of financial and operational risks. The results, based on a case study of intermodal transport (road and sea) performed across five countries in the BSEC region (Serbia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, and Azerbaijan), show which cross-border financial instruments could be more convenient for companies. In addition, the study highlights the presence of hidden risks that should be considered when choosing among available options. ; QC 20190304