Suchergebnisse

The architecture of credit card markets -- Market building in the transitional context -- Setting the stage : consumer credit and banking before and during the transition -- Inner circles : card issuing at the dawn of the market -- The stick but no carrot : disseminating cards through employers -- The carrot, at last : will consumer lending lead the way for Russia's credit card market? -- The missing piece of the puzzle : the struggle to institutionalize interbank information sharing and create credit bureaus -- Russian credit card market through the lens of continuity and change

Résumé L'article analyse l'apparition et le développement du marché des cartes de crédit en Russie postcommuniste. Ce type de marché est confronté à deux problèmes spécifiques : la complémentarité et l'incertitude. Les banques russes ont dès lors élaboré trois stratégies : la restriction de cartes aux élites nationales ou aux personnes liées personnellement aux banques émettrices – 1991-1995 ; l'émission massive de cartes salariales pour les employés par le biais de leurs sociétés – du milieu à la fin des années 1990 ; l'émission massive de cartes de crédit aux acheteurs de biens de consommation – de 2001 à nos jours.

This paper criticizes traditional approaches to stratification, which suggest that education contributes to inequality solely by endowing people with different amounts of human capital (knowledge and skills) or credentials. What these approaches overlook is the social component of education—friends, acquaintances and other connections one accumulates while in school. These connections reduce the uncertainty inherently present in the hiring process by compensating for lack of information with trust. We argue that social capital gained while in school has an independent effect on individual income, and show how this effect varies by education and experience levels. Conceptualizing schooling as an important source of social capital and finding ways to disentangle the effects of human and social capital on individual income are a contribution that economic sociologists can make to the study of education and inequality.