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Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: African agency as agency slack: from fiction to multilateral empirics -- Chapter 3: African agency in historical perspective: a history of agency slack -- Chapter 4: Agential challenges within African regionalism and security dynamics -- Chapter 5: African agency in the early design of African security institutions -- Chapter 6: The Africa–EU partnership and African agency: model or pareidolia? -- Chapter 7: Shirking in AU partnerships: the UN and NATO -- Chapter 8: Slippage in AU partnerships: the US Africa Command -- Chapter 9: Conclusion

Introducing AFRICOM Expansion in Africa / Tshepo Gwatiwa and Justin van der Merwe -- Expanding US Africa Command: Reintegrating Africa within the US's System of Accumulation / Justin van der Merwe -- Multilateral Diplomacy in the Formation of US Africa Command: Reflections on US Africa Policy and Engagement from Bush through Obama, 2000-2016 / Michael A. Battle -- The Genesis and Origins of AFRICOM / William M. Wyatt -- AFRICOM'S Military Base in Djibouti: a History of Its Advancement / Degan Sun and Yahia H. Zoubir -- Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance in the Expansion of AFRICOM: Africa in America's -- "Panopticon" / Tshepo Gwatiwa -- Security, Circulation and Biopolitics: US Africa Command's Response to Ebola / Catriona Gold -- The Economic and Business Side of US AFRICOM in Africa: Governments, Land Lease, Aid, Corporations and Military Expansion in Djibouti / Ditabeng Mokoena and Tshepo Gwatiwa -- The US Africa Command and [Under]Development in Africa: an Appraisal of the USA's Securitization of Development in Africa / Khayalandile Lwando Mthamo -- Agenda-Setting or Reinforcement? The African Media's Reporting and its Impact on AFRICOM's Soft Power / Oluwaseun Tella -- Conclusion - Imprinting Infrastructural and Affective Labour in Africa / Justin van der Merwe.

This book discusses the systematic expansion of the United States Africa Command (AFRICOM) across the continent of Africa. This book posits that AFRICOM expansion in Africa is part of a broader system of accumulation based on a government-business-media (GBM) complex. Applying the concept at both structural and descriptive levels, the GBM complex is a function of the synergy between the state's quest for power, businesses' need for expansion, and the informational and hegemonic functions of media actors. The United States' GBM complex in Africa is supported--and in some locations spearheaded--by its military, with dispossessing effects on local actors. Drawing from African case studies, analytical accounts and empirical case studies, this book explores AFRICOM's role within this broader strategy. The volume maps both the methods and the scope of this expansion, as well as local resistance to this process, and comprises perspectives from the five regions of Africa, key sub-regional organizations and voices from Africa's regional hegemons. This book will be of much interest to students of security studies, strategic studies, African politics and International Relations.

ABSTRACT
This article examines the changing forms of African agency in the context of contestations over natural resource governance with the European Union. The authors argue that EU policy is motivated by material self-interest but that it has not been able to successfully implement these policies. The way these policies have been challenged by African states has changed, however. The authors argue that a crucial context for this is the failure of the New International Economic Order in the 1970s. The failure of these initiatives helps to explain why the impetus for natural resource governance continues to come from outside the African continent.