Suchergebnisse

The objective of our measurements was to determine the most important properties of the TBK bio-diesel with relevance to ICE use and to evaluate its effects on the power output, fuel consumption, exhaust emissions of a CI engine in comparison with commercial diesel fuel. Thus the standardized diesel fuel was used as reference fuel, and it was compared with the newly developed biofuel called TBK. Based on our measurements its most important physical and chemical properties and its effects on combustion and exhaust gas emissions in ICE are presented in detail. Emissions mean on the one hand components which are regulated in the emission directives of the European Union for type-approval of vehicles or engines, and on the other hand, a detailed analysis of hydrocarbons. The evaluation was made on the basis of engine test bench measurements realized on a city bus engine typical for the Hungarian bus fleet.

The fuel demand in transport sector seems to be raised on a short and also on a long term base in the European Union and worldwide as well. A constantly growing trend is foreseen through 2050 worldwide as for using bio-based energy or fuels. Questions can arise before using these kinds of fuels in connection with the use of clean water or in terms of soil degradation, plant nutrients. It is also questionable whether they can be useful regarding their usage. First-, and second generation liquid as well as third generation gaseous bio-based fuels will be in focus in this article. They will be analyzed from physical-chemical properties and pollutant emission points of view.

Currently, the educational system is not only a major focus of public attention, but expectations for its future are also rising. In today's economic circumstances, it has become obvious that for uneducated and only slightly educated individuals, particu-larly for those with little work experience, their chances in the labor market are slim to none. Instead of gainful employment, their lives are based on a vulnerability of being supported by government aid and public employment projects – neither of which are guaranteed over time. Risk is also high for highly qualified employees, as rising and continuously changing expectations force these workers to seek new qualifications, as well as to look for venues for maintaining and enhancing their knowledge. The objective of adult education is to replace and supplement existing knowledge and practice. In addition to formal educational means, non-formal and informal solutions are increasingly widespread. Regarding practices, diverse civic organizations play a growing role in alternative educational activities. This sphere is composed of a variety of types of organizations; the introduction of a new act and the related regulative background will certainly change the character of this sector, the activity of which has already been debated on many forums. Numerous private or quasi-private civic organizations live – in a kind of symbiosis – with many higher education institutions. The most important functions of these civic organizations are to promote greater access to knowledge or experience for freshly graduated adults, supplementing the results of higher education or ensuring the dissemination of educa-tional or research results and the mutual exchange of experiences among lecturers and researchers, by organizing meetings and conferences. The aim of our research is to analyze and expose the motivation, professional and human backgrounds, informal adult education activity and the sustainability of selected civic organizations involved in the organization of adult education conferences and publications. The examinations mainly focus on the practice of those civic organizations operating alongside higher education institutions. Elements of the sample include civic program managers involved in the examined activity. The research method consists of a survey, a case study and private observations. We believe that the examined civic organizations frequently offer solutions which are unattainable for basic institutions (such as specific funds) or that the dissemination they offer is implemented on a higher level (publication in more important and preferred journals, publications). Such activity does not represent an outsourcing solution by higher education institutions, but is rather a novel, high quality solution in the face of changing job market conditions. ; Currently, the educational system is not only a major focus of public attention, but expectations for its future are also rising. In today's economic circumstances, it has become obvious that for uneducated and only slightly educated individuals, particu-larly for those with little work experience, their chances in the labor market are slim to none. Instead of gainful employment, their lives are based on a vulnerability of being supported by government aid and public employment projects – neither of which are guaranteed over time. Risk is also high for highly qualified employees, as rising and continuously changing expectations force these workers to seek new qualifications, as well as to look for venues for maintaining and enhancing their knowledge. The objective of adult education is to replace and supplement existing knowledge and practice. In addition to formal educational means, non-formal and informal solutions are increasingly widespread. Regarding practices, diverse civic organizations play a growing role in alternative educational activities. This sphere is composed of a variety of types of organizations; the introduction of a new act and the related regulative background will certainly change the character of this sector, the activity of which has already been debated on many forums. Numerous private or quasi-private civic organizations live – in a kind of symbiosis – with many higher education institutions. The most important functions of these civic organizations are to promote greater access to knowledge or experience for freshly graduated adults, supplementing the results of higher education or ensuring the dissemination of educa-tional or research results and the mutual exchange of experiences among lecturers and researchers, by organizing meetings and conferences. The aim of our research is to analyze and expose the motivation, professional and human backgrounds, informal adult education activity and the sustainability of selected civic organizations involved in the organization of adult education conferences and publications. The examinations mainly focus on the practice of those civic organizations operating alongside higher education institutions. Elements of the sample include civic program managers involved in the examined activity. The research method consists of a survey, a case study and private observations. We believe that the examined civic organizations frequently offer solutions which are unattainable for basic institutions (such as specific funds) or that the dissemination they offer is implemented on a higher level (publication in more important and preferred journals, publications). Such activity does not represent an outsourcing solution by higher education institutions, but is rather a novel, high quality solution in the face of changing job market conditions.

Social entrepreneurship (SE) is an all-encompassing concept in comparison to a typical non-government organization (NGO). It is a topic that has captured the interest of academics investigating nonprofit, charitable, and nongovernmental organizations. Despite the interest, few studies have examined the overlap and convergence of entrepreneurship and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), in congruence with the new phase of globalization. The study gathered and evaluated 73 peer-reviewed papers using a systematic literature review methodology, mainly from Web of Science but also from Scopus, JSTOR, and Science Direct, and supplemented by a search of existing databases and bibliographies. Based on the findings, 71 percent of studies suggest that organizations must reconsider the concept of social work, which has evolved rapidly, aided by globalization. The concept has changed from the NGO model to a more sustainable one, such as that proposed by SE. However, it is difficult to draw broad generalizations regarding the convergence of context-dependent complex variables such as SE, NGOs, and globalization. The results of the study will significantly contribute to a better understanding of the convergence of SE and NGOs, as well as the recognition that many aspects of NGOs, SE, and post-COVID globalization remain unexamined.

On a global level, a healthy lifestyle is experienced more where sport and physical activityas a way of life has gained more importance. European Union documents (such as the White Paperon Sport—2007) further stressed the important role of physical activity, and member states havedeclared the same opinion. Almost all scientific research approaches the topic by measuring thesport-related activity rate and incidence. The findings of Eurobarometer (2014) revealed that 41%of responding European citizens pursue some kinds of sport or do some form of body movementonce a week, while 59% rarely or never do. In Hungary, compared to the findings of 2009, activityimproved. Still, 44% of Hungarian citizens never undertake any sports activity. Pursuing sport andshowing interests in a more active lifestyle are indicators that may truly reflect the social connectionbetween sport and the society itself, and we may apply both terms in the framework of engagement.These terms lead us to the topic of sport related involvement, including social, psychological, andeconomic dimensions. In a large sample representative survey, carried out among Hungarian peoplein the North Great plain region, we aimed to reveal the specifications of sport engagement and ourempirical findings have proved a very strong connection between sport and the population itself.