Suchergebnisse

Fourteen papers take advantage of advances in archaeological methods and theory to explore the role of the built environment in expressing and shaping community organization and identity at prehistoric and historic nucleated settlements and early cities in the Old World

Intro -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Figures -- Tables -- Chapter One Population Aggregation and Early Urbanization from a Comparative Perspective: An Introduction to the Volume -- Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Nucleated Settlements -- Methodological Perspectives in the Study of Nucleated Settlements -- Coming Together: Origins and Processes -- Pathways to Sustainability: Challenges and Resolutions -- Transformative Effects: Social, Political, and Cultural Change -- Final Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References Cited -- Chapter Two Energized Crowding and the Generative Role of Settlement Aggregation and Urbanization -- Cities, Population, and Energized Crowding: The Power of Face-to-Face Interactions -- Population Size and Density -- Village Aggregation and Urbanization -- Communication, Energized Crowding, and Cities -- The Effects of Energized Crowding -- Energized Crowding Generates Scalar Stress -- Energized Crowding Drives Community Formation -- Energized Crowding Leads to Economic and Urban Growth -- Settlement Scaling and Generative Processes -- Contemporary Urban Systems -- The Social Reactors Model -- Expansion of the Framework to Premodern Settlement Systems -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References Cited -- Section I: Coming Together: Origins and Processes -- Chapter Three ". . . the nearest run thing . . ." The Genesis and Collapse of a Bronze Age Polity in the Maros Valley of Southeastern Europe -- The Problem with Population -- Pecica Şanţul Mare and the Maros Culture -- Settlement Expansion, Aggregation, and Dispersal in the Maros Region -- The Rise and Fall of Pecica Şanţul Mare -- The Initial Period: 1950-1900 B.C. -- The Formative Period: 1900-1820 B.C. -- The Florescent Period: 1820-1680 B.C. -- Final Phase: 1680-1545 B.C. -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References Cited.

Continuous changes are happening in the legislation of preventive archaeology in Hungary. The protection of cultural heritage in Hungary is currently regulated by the Cultural Heritage Law Nr. LXIV of 2001, according to which, if an development project endangers an archaeological site and its replanning would raise the budget considerably, preventive excavation is needed. All the costs of the excavation should be covered by the investor, but the financing should be at least 0.9% of the total budget of the project. Normally, the archaeological works covered 1–5% of the overall cost of the constructions. This law made possible the complete excavation, documentation, deposition, and primary study of the finds endangered by the development.