Suchergebnisse

Worldwide, High-Speed Railway (HSR) networks have been developed intensely over the last few decades, such as Tokyo-Osaka, the first HSR corridor in Japan, the TGV in France and the ICE in Germany. HSR has also experienced exponential growth in China so that currently China's HSR networks are the largest in the world. Meanwhile, China's spatial development has experienced rapid urbanization. In general, the appearance of HSR tends to reduce passenger travel cost in time and to extend the interacting economic and social relationships of cities on a larger spatial scale. Therefore, as one of the new high-speed transportation linkages in urban networks, HSR could strongly interact with other components of urban networks (nodes, links, flows) for different functional activities. Three dimensions of these interacting relationships can be identified: the configuration of urban networks (city nodes and links) in HSR networks, HSR's interacting relationships with other high-speed transportation linkages in urban networks, and intra-city travel of HSR passengers flows to/from HSR stations in urban networks. It is a very typical situation that China's HSR networks have been developed in parallel with a fast urbanization process, especially with the consideration of future integration with Euro-Asian urban networks through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Due to differences in economic, cultural, political and institutional situations, the interacting relationships between HSR and urban networks in China may differ from the cases in other HSR countries. Therefore, knowledge on the consequences of the interaction between HSR and urban networks in China is urgently needed. The relevant answers to the three interactions between HSR and urban networks are pertinent to the development of HSR networks in China and other HSR countries that plan to develop HSR networks on a large scale. In this research, an empirical analysis is conducted to demonstrate the interacting relationships between HSR and the relevant components of ...

Introduction : the Chinese question in the early afterlife of slavery -- "Earliest pioneers" of white literature of the West during Reconstruction. The "heathen Chinee" and Topsy in Bret Harte's narratives of the West -- Mark Twain's Chinese characters and the fungibility of blackness -- Ambrose Bierce's critique of blackface minstrelsy and anti-Chinese racism -- "Pioneers" of Asian American and African American literatures at the turn of the twentieth century. Representations of gender and slavery in Sui Sin Far's early fictions -- Reading the minstrel tradition and U.S. empire through Charles Chesnutt's The marrow of tradition

Over the past three decades, Taiwan has been struggling to gain an advantage and develop its role in Asia. This island has strived to balance its asymmetric relationship with China by engaging in regional integration in Southeast Asia and beyond. In the 1990s, the Taiwan government initiated the first wave of its Go South Policy aimed at building links at business and government levels with that region. The institutional and social legacy of the Go South Policy contributed to the making of the New Southbound Policy (NSP) which was proposed toward the end of 2015. This paper will unpack Taiwan's presence in Southeast Asia by highlighting the international socialization process of the NSP and Taiwan's strategic interaction with the region. It consists of four sections: the first section introduces the concept of international socialization. The second section discusses the positioning of Taiwan's previous Go South policies. Starting with the shift from a mentality of "Taiwanese Asia" (Taiwan de yazhou, 臺灣的亞洲) to one of "Asian Taiwan" (Yazhou de Taiwan, 亞洲的臺灣), it describes in detail how Taiwan's successive southward engagement initiatives have blended into the international socialization processes in the region. The third section highlights the relationships the policy's key actors and stakeholders, including transnational actors, are establishing with their counterparts in Southeast Asia and the new social linkages that are currently being promoted. This includes the activities of Taiwanese residents in Southeast Asia and Southeast Asian migrants in Taiwan. The paper concludes by summarizing Taiwan's international socialization in Asia.

This article presents the results of geological and geochemical studies of the organic matter of source rocks and oil from reservoirs in the Karamay Formation (Anizian–Ladinian stages) in the eastern part of the Fukang Depression in Junggar petroleum basin. The quantity, quality, and degree of maturity of the organic matter in clayey mudstones in upper part of the Karamay Formation (T2k) were considered and the composition of the original organic matter, the conditions of its accumulation and the degree of maturity were reconstructed using pyrolytic parameters and biomarkers. The dark gray and gray mudstone in upper part of the Karamay Formation accumulated in fresh or low salinity lakes with relatively reducing conditions. At present, the organic matter of the Formation within the depression is in the zone of mesocatagenesis MK1–MK3, and therefore has not fully realized its oil-geological potential. It has been previously established that mudstones in upper part of the Karamay Formation provided the hydrocarbon fl uids for the Karamay reservoirs located in the submerged part of the Fukang Depression.

Urban open spaces such as parks, open squares, parkways, etc, are considered as amenity resources or local public goods and incorporated into neoclassical urban land-use theory. Models characterizing Pareto efficient allocations and competitive equilibrium allocations with open space are presented. The 'fiscal profitability principle' suggested by Margolis is confirmed to be applicable to determine an efficient distribution of open space. Many interesting results are established. For example, if utility function is Cobb-Douglas or log-linear, then rich will locate farther away from poor, irrespective of the distribution of open space; the optimal density distribution of open space is uniform if the spillover effects of open space are neglected, and it is decreasing with the distance from the CBD when the spillover effects of open space are taken into account.

Intro -- CHINA: THE STRATEGIC CHALLENGE -- MILITARY MODERNIZATION: THE REGIONAL CONTEXT -- ASEAN AND CHINA: THE SMALLER STATE DILEMMA -- MAJOR ALLIES -- STRATEGIC PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL POWERS -- ONE CHINA, MULTIPLE SYSTEMS -- INTRODUCTION -- REGIONAL CONTEXT -- CHINESE BEHAVIOR: SOURCE OF REASSURANCE AND OF CONCERN -- REGIONAL ARMS BUILDUPS -- CHINA'S ARMS EXPORTS -- REGIONAL ACQUISITIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- OVERVIEW -- CHINA'S POST-COLD WAR SECURITY ENVIRONMENT -- CHINA'S NATIONAL GOALS AND INTERESTS: THE VIEW FROM JAPAN -- IMPLICATIONS OF CHINA'S MILITARY BUILDUP -- IMPLICATIONS FOR ASIAN SECURITY -- CHINA'S MILITARY BUILDUP AND ASIA'S POLICY TOWARDS CHINA -- THE CHINA FACTOR IN THE KOREAN STRATEGIC CALCULUS -- IMPLICATIONS OF PLA MODERNIZATION FOR KOREAN SECURITY -- THE UNITED STATES, CHINA, AND KOREAN UNIFICATION -- ROK AND U.S. POLICIES TOWARDS CHINA -- FUTURE PROSPECTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY -- ANTI-WESTERN CAMP -- ENEMIES ARE EVERYWHERE -- BALANCED FOREIGN POLICY -- CURRENT STRATEGY -- YELTSINÌS POLICY TOWARDS CHINA -- AREAS OF TENSION AND UNCERTAINTY -- SCENARIOS FOR THE FUTURE -- CHINA'S SEARCH FOR POWER -- CHINA'S MILITARY DOCTRINE AND CAPABILITY -- CHINA'S REGIONAL POSTURE -- INDIAÌS RESPONSE TO CHINA'S EMERGING ROLE -- ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES -- CONCLUSION -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINING FEATURES OF CHINA-SOUTHEAST ASIAN TIES -- GEOGRAPHIC COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF REGIONAL SECURITY -- THE PLA IN SOUTHEAST ASIAÌS CONSCIOUSNESS -- CURRENT AND POTENTIAL SOUTHEAST ASIAN STRATEGIES -- CONCLUSION -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- CHINA IN AUSTRALIAÌS SECURITY ENVIRONMENT -- THE EMERGING REGIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT -- CHINA IN THE REGION -- AUSTRALIAÌS RESPONSE -- POLITICAL-DIPLOMATIC TENSIONS WITH CHINA -- PREVAILING AUSTRALIAN OPINION ON CHINAÌS MILITARY -- CHINAÌS EMERGENCE AS A MAJOR POWER: POTENTIAL STRATEGIES.