Suchergebnisse

The presence of sizable foreign-born populations (which include citizensand non-citizens) in advanced industrial societies is the result ofnational policies on immigration, refugees, and labor migration. Theconsequences of these policies, however, are most visible at the locallevel, where newcomers work, settle, and raise their families. Whilenot all immigrants live in cities, they have been particularly concentratedin urban environments. Thus, it is hardly surprising that manyof the socioeconomic, cultural, and political issues and problemsassociated with immigration and the process of immigrant settlementare played out and magnified in cities.

The roles of welfare state institutions in structuring the processes of underclass formation in the Federal Republic of Germay & the Netherlands, Europe's most comprehensive welfare states, are compared for 1985-1992. It is found that although the institutional/structural networks of contact between state welfare institutions (unemployment benefits, social assistance, & housing benefits) & citizens increase separation of the long-term unemployed from the labor market & tend to decrease their participation in mainstream social & political institutions in both countries, the process is of larger scale in the Netherlands because of that nation's more generous welfare system. 29 References. J. Klimov

The paper examines the usefulness of various theoretical approaches for understanding the causes and consequences of international migration in the 1990s. Extantideas are considered in three periods, each with its own characteristic approach: the classical, represented by push and pull and assimilation perspectives; the modern, reflecting neo-Marxist and structured inequality perspectives; and emerging patterns in the literature, focusing on multiculturalism, social movements and citizenship. While the classic approach has some historical applicability, the altered economic and sociopolitical conditions of individual states and the world system in general call for a variety of orientations and models. Although the newer approaches seem most promising, the picture they provide is also incomplete.