Suchergebnisse

Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Haushaltersparnissen und Kapitalbildung in Vietnam. In drei empirischen Studien liegt der Augenmerk auf (i) Haushaltersparnissen und der Bildung von Produktivkapital, (ii) Haushaltersparnissen und dem Sparmechanismus und (iii) Kapitalbildung durch Gründer, institutionellem Kontext und Humankapital. In Teil eins untersuchen wir die Rolle von sozialen Netzwerken und Versicherungen als Bestimmungsfaktoren für Haushaltersparnisse und der Bildung von Produktivkapital im ländlichen Vietnam. Hierbei finden wir, dass die Effekte von Versicherungen stärker als die von sozialen Netzwerken sind. Es gibt Hinweise auf das Vorsichtsmotiv bei der Haltung liquider Vermögen, jedoch nicht bei produktiven Vermögen. Im zweiten Teil folgt eine Analyse der Einflüsse des kurzfristigen Vorsichtsmotivs und Versicherungen auf Haushaltsentscheidungen bei der Wahl des Sparmechanismus. In der Studie, die ebenfalls für das ländliche Vietnam gilt, finden wir, dass das kurzfristige Vorsichtsmotiv die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Haushalts formell oder informell zu sparen reduziert. Zusätzlich stellen sich Versicherungen als Ersatz für kurzfristiges Sparen aufgrund von Vorsicht dar. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass das kurzfristige Vorsichtsmotiv im formellen Bereich die Höhe der Ersparnisse reduziert, während Versicherungen keinen messbaren Einfluss auf die Ersparnishöhe haben. Im letzten Teil untersuchen wir Kapitalbildung im Zusammenhang mit Gründungsaktivität. Es zeigt sich, dass ein höheres Maß an institutionellen Faktoren Firmenwachstum unterstützt. Dies gilt sowohl für Kapitalaufbau als auch für Beschäftigungsaufbau, wobei ersterer einen stärkeren Effekt erfährt. Firmenwachstum wird auch durch ein höheres Bildungsniveau des Gründers begünstigt.. - The dissertation investigates household savings and capital formation in Vietnam. It focuses on empirical studies (i) household savings and productive capital formation; (ii) household savings and saving mechanisms; and (iii) entrepreneurial capital formation, institutional environment, and human capital. First, we investigate the role of the social network nexus and the insurance nexus in determining household savings and productive capital formation in rural Vietnam. We find that the effects of the insurance nexus dominate over those of the social network nexus. In case of stocks, the precautionary view is held in liquid assets but not in productive assets. Second, we investigate the impacts of the short-term precautionary selection and insurance on household decisions when it comes to the participation in saving mechanisms in rural Vietnam. The finding suggests that the persistence of the short-term precautionary motive reduces the households probability to deposit to formal and informal saving intermediaries. In addition, insurance is found to be a substitute for short-term precautionary savings. The short-term precautionary motive is found to reduce the participants deposits in formal saving intermediaries, while there is no evidence for insurance influencing on households contributions to saving intermediaries. Last, the capital formation through entrepreneurship is examined. We find that a higher level of institutional factors such as land access, time costs, informal charges, and business support service will promote firm growth regarding both dimensions considered: employment and capital. Another finding is that the impacts of institutional factors are more significant when it comes to the capital growth of firms. The results of educational effect support the hypothesis that higher levels of the entrepreneurs education will associate with higher growth rates of firms.

Educational reforms in many Asian countries, particularly in China and Vietnam, have highlighted the pivotal role of the constructivist approach. However, the implementation of constructivism into the classroom is still very challenging for teachers. Although there is a wealth of research on constructivism, few studies have focused on the difficulties teachers often encounter when organizing constructivist lessons, especially in the EFL context. To address this gap, this study employed a mixed-methods approach, including triangulated data (a questionnaire, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews) with the participation of 120 EFL teachers in a private university in Vietnam. The findings indicate that teachers faced a wide array of problems in their constructivist classes, including conceptual, pedagogical, cultural, political, and technological dilemmas. Furthermore, they did not comprehend constructivism as they believed, probably due to a superficial understanding of this approach or the effect of Confucian culture. Additionally, this study verifies and contributes to the framework of Windschitl regarding the four dilemmas teachers often confront in constructivist classrooms. Theoretical and practical implications for future researchers as well as for educational stakeholders and institutional leaders on what should be taken into careful consideration prior to the incorporation of constructivism, were also discussed in detail.

In 2021, the COVID-19 epidemic affected many aspects of the provinces' socio-economic fields, especially deeply affecting businesses at enterprises. The task of ensuring social security continues with the management agencies, who need appropriate solutions and support policies to encourage and help enterprises return to production and trade after the quarantine society quickly. The basis for management theory has contributed to improving the competitive capability based on improving Total Quality Management (TQM), such as the "just in time" system. TQM aims to enhance the quality of products and satisfy customers to the best extent possible. The distinguishing feature of TQM from previous quality management methods is that it provides a comprehensive system for managing and improving all aspects related to quality and involves the participation of the public, every department, and every individual to achieve the set quality goals. The article's novelty identifies factors influencing total quality management and competitive capability of firms in Vietnam with one percent significance. Methods: The authors surveyed 650 managers at many enterprises in Vietnam. And the authors used a convenient sampling method. SPSS tools processed 589 samples to measure Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmation factor analysis (CFA), and test structural equation modeling (SEM). The authors proposed several recommendations to enhance the total quality management and competitive capability of firms. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-03-010 Full Text: PDF

In the era of globalization and international integration, international relationships is an integral part in foreign policy. So that the foreign policy conducted well, all countries must implement diplomacy. Cultural diplomacy is not only the application, the empowering culture to improve the behavior of diplomacy, but also the diplomacy using to respect and preserve the culture. The reality and the implementation of the Vietnam government and Party in recent years will mostly contribute to answer it. From here, the importance of cultural diplomacy in the process of establishing ASEAN Community 2015 will be seen as well. Cultural diplomacy not only improves the position and the authority of Vietnam in the international arena, but also strengthens the relations with other countries and contributes to the formation of ASEAN Social-Cultural Community in particularly and ASEAN Community 2015 in general. Keywords: Vietnam, cultural diplomacy, ASEAN Social-Cultural Community

The COVID-19 pandemic appeared in Vietnam from the beginning of 2020. Even during the pandemic, the Vietnamese Government had the policy to encourage domestic tourism, minimizing the reception of foreign tourists. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry in Vietnam, especially transportation, hotels, and restaurants. From contributing more than US$32.5 billion in 2019, the tourism industry contributed only US$13.5 billion in 2020, down 41.53%. The paper presents the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry in Vietnam in 2020.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between export performance and firm size.Design/methodology/approachAnalysing a large sample of firms in the Vietnamese manufacturing sector, the authors employ a quantile regression approach to asses whether or not the relationship between exporting and firm size is dependent upon the extent of exporting that firms already undertake.FindingsThe authors find that increased firm size leads to higher export volumes. However, in sharp contrast to literature that largely focuses on considering a linear relationship between these two variables, the authors further find that the positive relationship becomes weaker as the extent of exporting activity increases.Originality/valueIn contrast to the earlier literature, a key novelty of the approach is that the authors obtain new insights in terms of establishing a nonlinear relationship between firm size and export performance in the case of Vietnamese manufacturing.