Suchergebnisse

Metadata only record ; Mr. Nam, the vice chair of a village in Dak Lak province of Vietnam, was keen to protect farmers in his village from the sharp decline in prices of coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner). He did this by encouraging farmers in his village to plant cacao (Theobroma cacao L. subsp. cacao). Cacao was suitable to the soil and climate of the area, and because a foreign company had promised to buy cacao from the farmers, it seemed to offer greater financial security. However, uncertainty about crop losses due to pests, the cost of chemicals such as pesticides, and potential fluctuations in the prices of cacao made it imperative to carefully evaluate the benefits of cacao production. In making his recommendation to the village, Mr. Nam utilized additional information about the potential demand and the marketing networks for cacao. The decision to switch from coffee to cacao provides a village-level example of learning about agricultural supply and demand issues, perennial crop production, and economic and environmental consequences of growing particular crops. This case was written for undergraduate students in agriculture and forestry programs at Nong Lam University. Students were expected to understand ; SysCoor-5 (Policy and Governance)

The dibenzofuran degrading bacterium DMA strain was isolated from heavy herbicide/dioxin contaminated soil in a US former military base at Danang airport. Colony of DMA is lemon yellow, round, slight convex and 1.5 - 2 mm diameter after 7 days of incubation in mineral medium containing dibenzofuran. Cells were Gram-positive, cocci shaped, with diameter ranging from 0.27 - 0.53 mm. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that strain DMA was closely related to Janibacter limous DSM 11140T (97.3%), Terrabacter sp. YK7 (97.5%) and Terrabacter sp. YK3 (96.7%). Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of 16S rARN gene sequence, DMA strain should be placed in genus Terrabacter and named Terrabacter sp. DMA. The primer pair DIOXY-F vµ DIOXY-R were designed based on comparison of many genes encoded for alfa subunit dioxygenase from aromatic hydrocarbon, dibenzofuran and dioxin degrading bacteria. The PCR product amplified from total DNA of DMA strain was showed high similar levels 97% to dbfA1 genes in Rhodococcus sp. DFA3, Terrabacter sp. DBF63 and Rhodococcus sp. YK2; 96% to gene encoded alpha putative terminal dioxygenaza in Mycobacterium sp. YK18. All of these Gram-positive bacterial strains are able to degrade dibenzofuran.

Three 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) degrading bacterial strains DNB19, DNB20 and DNB21 isolated from herbicide/dioxin contaminated soil in former military base in Danang were compared by BOX-PCR fingerprint technique and sequence analysis a part of 16S rRNA gene. Although there are few differences on conoly morphology, three these strains are identity on sequence 16S rRNA gene (550 bp) as well as ADN patterns of BOX-PCR products. The result of sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes shown that three strains DNB19, DNB20 and DNB21 had high similar to bacterial strains in genus Arthrobacter. Based on the morphological features and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, three strains DNB19, DNB20 and DNB21 should be belong to genus Arthrobacter and named as Arthrobacter sp. DNB19, Arthrobacter sp. DNB20 and Arthrobacter sp. DNB21. The strain DNB19 was selected to study the present of cadA and tfdA genes involved in the first step of 2,4-D degradation pathways. The sequence of a part of cadA and CadA hypotherical amino acid in DNB19 shown highest levels to cadA (93%) and CadA (97%) from Sphingomonas sp. B6-10. The sequence of a part of tfdA and TfdA hypotherical amino acid in DNB19 shown highest levels to tfdA (94%) from Burkholderia sp. RASC, Burkholderia sp. Ff54, Ralstonia sp. Y103 and TfdA from Burkholderia sp. RASC (96%), Delftia acidovorans P4a (95%). The sequence of CadA hypotherical amino acid in DNB19 also shown similarlity 48% to TftA from 2,4,5-T degrading bacterium Burkholderia cepacia AC1100.

Bioremediation technology has been successfully applied in detoxification at different scales of herbicide/dioxin contaminated soil in the US former military base at Da Nang Airport. PCR-DGGE technique was used for characterization of bacterial community structure in soil samples of biotreatment experiments at small field scales 0.5 m3 and 1.5 m3. There were differences on bacterial diversity level in the soil samples of biotreatments from 0.5DN1 to 0.5DN4. Lower diversity level was found in the soil sample 0.5DN4 and 0.5DN5 in comparison to three others. In other biotreatment scale 1.5 m3, the more bacterial diversity was also found in biotreatment experiments 1.5DN1, 1.5DN3 and 1.5DN4 than two other experiments 1.5DN2 and 1.5DN5. The sequence analysis of DNA clones that excised from DGGE gel, showed that these clones were belonged to 6 bacterial classes including Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroides and also unclassified bacteria. The results obtained from this study provide fundamental bases for enhancement the rate of detoxification of herbicide/dioxin as well as other toxic chemical contaminated soil in Vietnam.

This paper presents results of a case study of the SANREM's research project and two other UAF case studies in the Central Highland of Vietnam. These studies used similar participatory research approach to generate empirical evidences to patterns of land use change as these are influenced by multidimensional factors. Environmental consequences associated with these land changes were also reported. The paper shows that changes in economic policies, institutions and market access led to a large transformation of forestland into agriculture. The rapid expansion and intensification of agricultural production, driven in part by expanding population, places high pressure on the natural resource base and causes high negative externalities in the uplands, particularly in marginal lands. In all case studies, rates of degradation of forests, soils, and water remain high and threaten agricultural sustainability. Recently, national and local government took some efforts to overcome negative environmental consequences of agricultural development in the uplands, but their impacts are still limited. Balancing agricultural development and environmental protection is currently a major challenge for upland development. For meeting this challenge, the paper emphasizes the need for setting enabling policies and institutional framework that better promote sustainable agriculture and natural resource management practices in the uplands.

Non-financial factors including quality of services, the flexibility of a company, utilization of resources, and market orientation are regarded as significant determinants that enhance the profitability-based performance of a service company or a hotel. The study investigated the interaction between these factors and hotel operating performance measured by the hospitality performance and results indicators. Data on 346 executives of Vietnam's hospitality companies were collected. A structural equation modeling (SEM) method was utilized to examine the positive-direct and moderating effects of non-financial factors on hotel performance in terms of occupancy rate (OCR), average daily rate (ADR), and the revenue per available room (RevPAR). The findings showed that service quality ( = 0.118, p < 0.05), flexibility ( = 0.173, p < 0.05) and resource utilization (= 0.172, p < 0.05) positively affected the performance of Vietnam's hospitality companies. Meanwhile, innovation showed no direct influence (p = 0.068) but an indirect impact on the performance through service quality ( = 0.311, p < 0.05). Market orientation did not impact the performance (p = 0.076) but it positively affected both innovation ( = 0.322, p < 0.05) and service quality ( = 0.146, p < 0.05). The study contributed to a theoretical enhancement of the current level of knowledge on the factors that affect the performance and developed a reliable scale for measuring the performance of hotels in Vietnam.

The viability of Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAf) system is constrained by various factors, including farmers' inability to invest in the system, inadequate institutional structures for facilitating information flow, and lack of market incentives. This paper reports on a scoping study of the policy environment of VAf in Vietnam and the Philippines. We hypothesized that policy incentives are needed to stimulate smallholder investments in VAf. ; LTRA-5 (Agroforestry and Sustainable Vegetable Production)

Vegetable-Agroforestry (VAf) is a viable farming system that provides multiple benefits, including provision of micronutrients to the diet of the rural community and enhancement of on-farm biodiversity and environmental ; LTRA-12 (Conservation agriculture for food security in Cambodia and the Philippines)

Background: Over the recent decades, Vietnam has attained remarkable achievements in all areas of health care. However, shortcomings including health disparities persist particularly with a rapidly aging population. This has resulted in a shift in the disease burden from communicable to noncommunicable diseases such as dementia, cancer, and diabetes. These medical conditions require long-term care, which causes an accelerating crisis for the health sector and society. The current health care system in Vietnam is unlikely to cope with these challenges. Objective: The aim of this paper was to explore the opportunities, challenges, and necessary conditions for Vietnam in transforming toward a patient-centered care model to produce better health for people and reduce health care costs. Methods: We examine the applicability of a personalized and integrated Bespoke Health Care System (BHS) for Vietnam using a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis and examining the successes or failures of digital health care innovations in Vietnam. We then make suggestions for successful adoption of the BHS model in Vietnam. Results: The BHS model of patient-centered care empowers patients to become active participants in their own health care. Vietnam's current policy, social, technological, and economic environment favors the transition of its health care system toward the BHS model. Nevertheless, the country is in an early stage of health care digitalization. The legal and regulatory system to protect patient privacy and information security is still lacking. The readiness to implement electronic medical records, a core element of the BHS, varies across health providers and clinical practices. The scarcity of empirical evidence and evaluation regarding the effectiveness and sustainability of digital health initiatives is an obstacle to the Vietnamese government in policymaking, development, and implementation of health care digitalization. Conclusions: Implementing a personalized and integrated health care system may help Vietnam to address health care needs, reduce pressure on the health care system and society, improve health care delivery, and promote health equity. However, in order to adopt the patient-centered care system and digitalized health care, a whole-system approach in transformation and operation with a co-design in the whole span of a digital health initiative developing process are necessary

Case studies (Chap. 3): Forest management in Nghe An province, northern-central Vietnam. Decentralized planning in Phu Tho province, northern Vietnam. Commune-level planning in Thua Thien Hue province, central Vietnam. Water resources management in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Decentralized natural resources management in Luang Phabang province, Laos. Decentralized planning in Ratanakiri province, Cambodia. Empowerment of sub-district authorities in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. Decentralized planning in Yunnan province, China

This study outlines the changes in agricultural policies and market conditions in Vietnam for the last 20 years characterized with gradual decentralization and integration in the global economy. Using a case study approach, the study examines how these institutional changes influence land use and land management and the impacts on the environment and the livelihood systems among members of a local community in the uplands of Vietnam. Preliminary analysis at the local level shows that changes policies and market conditions result in a rapid transformation of the socio-economic and biophysical landscape in this upland community. Large forest area had been converted into commercial agricultural land. Results of the study also show that farmers base their decisions on short-term market expectations rather than on long-term market information. This lends them more vulnerable to greater economic losses in the long term as shown by the behavior of mulberry and coffee production in the study area. Farmers had not only opened new forest land for coffee cultivation but also shifted from mulberry to coffee after 1994 when the price of coffee beans increased. However, there are risks associated with coffee, as a monocrop in a large area such as fluctuation in market prices and environmental degradation. The study provides empirical evidence to the complex interplay of policies and market conditions on land use, land management and livelihood system of the Vietnamese upland farmers. The study raises issues relating to the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices and the need for agricultural land use planning that aims to deal with the fluctuating global market without compromising the welfare of small farmers and landholders.