This article explores experiences and notions of exile and return as attempts at the reconstruction of identity and nation in Palestinian literature: Raja Shehadeh's Strangers in the House (2002), Mourid Barghouti's I Saw Ramallah (1997), Fawaz Turki's Exile's Return (1994), and Mahmoud Darwish's Memory for Forgetfulness (1986). The exilic experience represents an act of ejection and dispossession, feelings of displacement and poignancy and a capacity for survival and resistance. While return represents the recapture of being Palestinian, and of Palestine. The interweaving of history, politics and religion in the creation of Palestinian exile is met with the interweaving of things literary, political and spiritual, in the reconstruction and re-affirmation of identity and geography. This literature is an attempt at re-narration, re-constitution and continuity: the collective quilting together of experiences of exile and dispossession in an effort to re-possess not just an identity, but a nation, forming Palestinian return.
Introduction -- Part I. Secularization, Islam and the predicament of identity. The Enlightenment project and secularization in the West -- Modernity and Islam in Egypt : the struggle for self-representation and the problem of orientation (late nineteenth century-early twentieth century) -- Islam and modernity : the predicament of identity (early twentieth century-present) -- Narrating Islam, modernity and Muslim identity (mid-twentieth century-present) -- Part II. States of cultural contestation and the struggle for self-definition (early twentieth century-mid-twentieth century). Narrating the nation : the rise of Egyptian (territorial) nationalism (1900-1930s) -- The rise of Easternism and national redefinition (1930s-1950s) -- Part III. States of ambivalence (mid-twentieth century-present). From sacred to secular : time and space, alienation and exile -- The transformation of social formations -- The plight of women -- Ambivalent identities and the sacred -- Conclusions and recommendations
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This report presents the conceptual design of a new European research infrastructure EuPRAXIA. The concept has been established over the last four years in a unique collaboration of 41 laboratories within a Horizon 2020 design study funded by the European Union. EuPRAXIA is the first European project that develops a dedicated particle accelerator research infrastructure based on novel plasma acceleration concepts and laser technology. It focuses on the development of electron accelerators and underlying technologies, their user communities, and the exploitation of existing accelerator infrastructures in Europe. EuPRAXIA has involved, amongst others, the international laser community and industry to build links and bridges with accelerator science — through realising synergies, identifying disruptive ideas, innovating, and fostering knowledge exchange. The Eu-PRAXIA project aims at the construction of an innovative electron accelerator using laser- and electron-beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration that offers a significant reduction in size and possible savings in cost over current state-of-the-art radiofrequency-based accelerators. The foreseen electron energy range of one to five gigaelectronvolts (GeV) and its performance goals will enable versatile applications in various domains, e.g. as a compact free-electron laser (FEL), compact sources for medical imaging and positron generation, table-top test beams for particle detectors, as well as deeply penetrating X-ray and gamma-ray sources for material testing. EuPRAXIA is designed to be the required stepping stone to possible future plasma-based facilities, such as linear colliders at the high-energy physics (HEP) energy frontier. Consistent with a high-confidence approach, the project includes measures to retire risk by establishing scaled technology demonstrators. This report includes preliminary models for project implementation, cost and schedule that would allow operation of the full Eu-PRAXIA facility within 8—10 years.