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This work looks at the Islamic character of the Acehnese state in the 17th century. It examines not only its Islamic institutions but also its political culture and policies towards Islam. It includes a comparison of Aceh with other Islamic states in the region, especially Melaka and Mataram.

Intro -- Endorsements -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- Questions Addressed -- The Plausibility of Transitions -- A Theoretical Framework: ANSAs and Sectarianism -- Explaining the Terminologies -- Map of the Book -- Notes -- 2. Background, Emergence, and Religious and Political Allegiances -- Historical Background -- The Nexus between Hezbollah and Iran's Islamic Republic: Wilayat al-Faqih -- Debating Hezbollah -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 3. Lebanon: Hezbollah's Den -- First Parliamentary Elections: Infitah Policy -- Post-Syria Withdrawal: Into the Government -- Memorandum of Understanding -- The July War: Toward a New Power Balance? -- The "7 May" Clashes and the Doha Agreement: A Sect-Coded Confrontation -- Aoun's Rise to Power -- En 'Odtom 'Odna: Arsal's Barren Hills -- The 2018 Parliamentary Elections: Hezbollah's Massive Win -- Hezbollah's Response to the 17 October Uprising -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 4. The Geopolitical Contest and Hezbollah's Sect-Centricity -- Palestine: Hezbollah's raison d'être -- Hezbollah in Post-Saddam Iraq -- The Battle for Syria -- From al-Qusayr to Qalamoun: Hezbollah's Sectarian Mobilization -- The Frenzied Hours of the War: Demystifying Hezbollah's Full-Scale Engagement -- Hezbollah in the Saudi Backyard: Yemen -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 5. The Transition: A Regional Armed Non-State Actor -- Syria's Sect-Coded Conflict: The War of Necessity -- Hezbollah's Political Instrumentalization of Sectarian Identity -- The Shift to a Quasi-Army -- From Beirut to Tehran: A Partnership Demystified -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 6. Hezbollah's Paroxysm: What Next? -- Notes -- Index.

"This book examines Hezbollah's transition from a domestic into a regional armed non-state actor (ANSA). Taking its point of departure in Hezbollah's historiography on the military and political levels in Lebanon, it focuses on the participation of Hezbollah's troops in Syria's sect-coded civil war. Initially limited, Hezbollah's intervention in the Syrian conflict gradually increased into a full-scale engagement across vast swathes of Syrian territory, with Hezbollah instrumentalizing its sectarian (Shiʻa) identity to justify its engagement. Sect-centric narratives and victimhood were a mere tool for what was a geopolitical confrontation, and Hezbollah's involvement launched it to becoming a regional ANSA. The book outlines that this transition was only plausible because of the interplay between three factors: Hezbollah's sectarian mobilization and instrumentalization of its sectarian identity; the shift into a quasi-army combining classical with guerrilla tactics and formations; and its embedding as a partner in the axis which now extends from Beirut to Tehran. It was in 2018 that a set of conditions, impossible to reproduce, allowed Hezbollah to reach its culmination on both the domestic and regional theatres. This book shows that ANSAs are playing prominent roles in the regional order in the Middle East. Meticulously researched, Hezbollah is a comprehensive study ideal for upper-level undergraduates and above with an interest in Middle East studies, Middle East politics and international relations"--

"This book, first published in 1928, is based on Chinese, Persian and Arabic sources, and provides the first scholarly account of the history of Persian maritime exploration."--Provided by publisher.