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2.3 Contingent and inherent meaning2.4 Searle on function; 2.5 Occam's razor; 3 Linguistic meaning; 3.1 Criteria theories of meaning; 3.2 Stereotypes or ideal types; 3.3 Theories of direct denotation; 3.4 Inferential analysis of meaning; 3.5 Legal status words; 4 Internal and external concepts; 5 Closed and open generalisations; 6 Conclusion; III. Rules as constraints; 1 Not all rules guide behaviour; 2 Directions of fit; 3 Possible worlds and necessity; 3.1 Possible worlds; 3.2 Propositional logic; 3.3 Necessity and the world-to-word direction of fit of constraints

B. Brożek, J. Hage, Between law and the cognitive sciences. A manifesto -- J. Hage, Are the cognitive sciences relevant for law? -- C. Heidemann, Social and normative facts -- Ł. Kurek, Law, Folk psychology and cognitive science -- K. Tobia, Law and the cognitive science of ordinary concepts -- C. Roversi, Cognitive Science and the Nature of Law -- Brożek, The Architecture of the Legal Mind -- M.B. Hoffman, The Psychology of the Trial Judge -- A. Leibovitch, Institutional design and the psychology of the trial judge -- E. Aharoni, Bias as the surface or the core? A comment on the psychology of the trial judge -- P. Pałka, Private Law and Cognitive Science -- B. Brożek, M. Jakubiec, Private Law and Cognitive Science: A Methodological Commentary -- . J. Hage, A. Waltermann, Responsibility, liability, and retribution -- . M. Małecki, M. Sławiński, Guilt in criminal law : guilt in us or in stars? -- G. Meynen, The insanity defense -- L. Claydon, P. Catley, Thoughts on the Insanity Defense -- . P. Haselager, Implications of Neurotechnology: Brain Recording and Intervention -- J.C. Moriarty, Neuroimaging evidence in US courts -- 1. D.W. Denno, Neuroscientific evidence in context -- B. Kucharzyk, Some issues in interpreting neuroscientific evidence -- A.R. Mackor, H. Jellema, P.J. van Koppen, Explanation-based approaches to reasoning about evidence and proof in criminal trials -- . G. Pavlakos, A non-naturalist account of law's place in reality -- P. Chiassoni, The law & cognitive science enterprise : a few analytic notes -- J. Stelmach, The cognitive approach in legal science and practice : a history of four revolutions.

This book is exceptional in the sense that it provides an introduction to law in general rather than the law of one specific jurisdiction, and it presents a unique way of looking at legal education. It is crucial for lawyers to be aware of the different ways in which societal problems can be solved and to be able to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different legal solutions. In this respect, being a lawyer involves being able to reason like a lawyer, even more than having detailed knowledge of particular sets of rules. Introduction to Law reflects this view by focusing on the functions of rules and on ways of arguing the relative qualities of alternative legal solutions. Where 'positive' law is discussed, the emphasis is on the legal questions that must be addressed by a field of law, and on the different solutions which have been adopted by, for instance, the common law and civil law tradition. The law of specific jurisdictions is discussed to illustrate possible answers to questions such as when the existence of a valid contract is assumed

The edited volume brings together scholars in the field of law and the cognitive sciences, in particular law and the neurosciences. It considers what the relationship between law and the cognitive sciences is and should be from a theoretical perspective, for example by asking in what way and to what extent insights from the cognitive sciences can and should impact legal concepts, rules and paradigms. The topic of criminal responsibility exemplifies this relationship and several authors analyze specific elements of criminal responsibility in light of insights from the cognitive sciences

As the European Union (EU) matures, there is an increasing debate, partly fuelled by fierce national criticism offered by Eurosceptic politicians, partly initiated by the EU institutions themselves, on the way in which the EU has developed and what the EU must look like in the future. This debate includes a discussion on one of the core aspects of European integration: at which level should the rules be set and who decides where the authority to do so should lie? Private law has an important role to play in this discussion. Many private law rules touch on the core of the internal market as they serve to foster trade or to offer protection to market participants, such as consumers. In 2011, the Maastricht European Private Law Institute (M-EPLI) was founded. M-EPLI researchers combine European Private Law scholarship in the fields of contract, property, commercial and procedural law as well as legal theory. In this book M-EPLI fellows present perspectives on the allocation of competences in European Private Law

This book features essays that investigate the nature of legal validity from the point of view of different traditions and disciplines. Validity is a fascinating and elusive characteristic of law that in itself deserves to be explored, but further investigation is made more acute and necessary by the production, nowadays, of soft law products of regulation, such as declarations, self-regulatory codes, and standardization norms. These types of rules may not exhibit the characteristics of formal law, and may lack full formal validity but yet may have a very real impact on people's lives. The essays focus on the structural properties of hard and soft legal phenomena and the basis of their validity