AbstractThe Polybius conspiracy theory has been featured in numerous contemporary pop cultural works from The Simpsons to Loki. The conspiracy theory suggests that a government created arcade cabinet was installed in numerous video arcades in the early 1980s as a means of experimenting on unsuspecting children. While the theory itself remains an outlandish and nostalgic remnant of 1980s culture, this paper traces the very real history of suburban border policing, classism, racism, and sensationalism that ultimately gave rise to the enduring myth of Polybius.
In der vorliegenden Habilitationsschrift wurden Dimensionen von öffentlichen und wahrgenommenen Stigma in Bezug auf Menschen mit psychiatrischen Störungen und Versorgungssysteme in LMICs anhand von sechs Originalarbeiten aus drei Regionen des Globalen Süden untersucht. Global Mental Health gewinnt insgesamt an Bedeutung wobei die globale Prävalenz von 800 Millionen Menschen ausgeht die direkt von psychischen Erkrankungen betroffen sind, so dass fast jede Familie als Care-Giver indirekt betroffen ist. Damit wären psychische Störungen für jedes vierte mit Behinderung verbrachte Lebensjahr (YLD) verantwortlich. Gleichzeitig haben 4 von 5 Personen mit psychischen Störungen weltweit keinen Zugang zu auch nur minimal adäquaten Behandlungsangeboten. Trotz der sehr hohen Krankheitslast mit 13% aller Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)und bis zu 30% aller Years Lived with Disabilities (YLD), wird in Ländern mit niedrigem-mittlerem Einkommen nur 1 % des Gesundheitsbudgets für psychische Erkrankungen aufwendet. Universal Health Coverage ist ohne ausreichende Berücksichtigung der psychischen Störungen unerreichbar, wobei die WHO zu Recht betont: "There is no health without mental health". Menschen mit psychischen Störungen erleben weltweit Diskriminierung und Stigma, sowie teils ausgeprägte Verletzungen der Menschenrechte. Stigmatisierung wurde in vielen Studien mit geringerer Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe, verminderten Zugang zu Gesundheitsressourcen, erhöhtem Risiko für Arbeitslosigkeit, reduzierter Selbstwirksamkeit, erhöhter Symptombelastung, verminderter Lebensqualität, und erhöhtem Risiko für Suizidalität assoziiert. Stigmaprozesse sind globale und intersektionale Phänomene, die jedoch immer in den jeweiligen sozio-kulturellen Kontexten untersucht und interpretiert werden müssen. Gesundheitsbezogenes Stigma kann so in seinen Auswirkungen auf Gesundheitsoutcomes auf einer intra- und interpersonellen Ebene, der Ebene von Organisationen, Institutionen Gemeinschaften bis hin zu politischen Entscheidungsprozessen von ...
Background and Aim: The Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI) is home to Kurds, internally displaced persons, and Syrian refugees. In the last decades, its inhabitants have witnessed a great deal of political instability, which has led to increased rates of psychological distress. Mental illness contrasts with limited access to and availability of mental health services – and so the treatment gap remains high. This study aims to investigate the perspectives, perceptions, and expectations of Syrian refugees, internally displaced persons and KRI host community members concerning mental health care in the governorate of Duhok. Attitudes and perspectives regarding psychotherapy, such as satisfaction with services, effects of therapy, bias toward therapy, and stigma, are explored. Methods: One hundred one participants were recruited from hospitals, clinical settings, and institutions from the governorate of Duhok in the KRI. Participants received the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) and were asked to evaluate services through four subscales: patient satisfaction, effects of therapy, bias toward therapy, and stigma. Results: Results revealed overall high satisfaction with services and effects of therapy. In contrast, both bias and stigma subscales were rated more ambivalently. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction is key for assessing health care quality, understanding attitudes toward therapy, and help-seeking behavior. Results offer insight for stakeholders in the psychosocial field allowing for a better understanding and improvement of availability and access to quality-driven mental health care services
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI) is home to Kurds, internally displaced persons, and Syrian refugees. In the last decades, its inhabitants have witnessed a great deal of political instability, which has led to increased rates of psychological distress. Mental illness contrasts with limited access to and availability of mental health services – and so the treatment gap remains high. This study aims to investigate the perspectives, perceptions, and expectations of Syrian refugees, internally displaced persons and KRI host community members concerning mental health care in the governorate of Duhok. Attitudes and perspectives regarding psychotherapy, such as satisfaction with services, effects of therapy, bias toward therapy, and stigma, are explored. METHODS: One hundred one participants were recruited from hospitals, clinical settings, and institutions from the governorate of Duhok in the KRI. Participants received the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) and were asked to evaluate services through four subscales: patient satisfaction, effects of therapy, bias toward therapy, and stigma. RESULTS: Results revealed overall high satisfaction with services and effects of therapy. In contrast, both bias and stigma subscales were rated more ambivalently. CONCLUSION: Patient satisfaction is key for assessing health care quality, understanding attitudes toward therapy, and help-seeking behavior. Results offer insight for stakeholders in the psychosocial field allowing for a better understanding and improvement of availability and access to quality-driven mental health care services
