Zigaretten: Höchstmengen für Teer, Nikotin und Kohlenmonoxid
In: Journal of consumer protection and food safety: Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit : JVL, Band 2, Heft 3, S. 302-306
ISSN: 1661-5867
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In: Journal of consumer protection and food safety: Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit : JVL, Band 2, Heft 3, S. 302-306
ISSN: 1661-5867
Technology Assessment (TA) is a concept of problem-oriented research, policy consulting, and societal dialogue which aims at supporting society and policy making in understanding and managing societal problems resulting from scientific and technological developments. We sketch a brief history of TA which is closely linked to its 'invention' as a policy consulting method. On the basis of two examples (Office for Technology Assessment in the USA and Office for Technology Assessment at the German Bundestag in Germany), we will give insights into the heterogeneous political and societal conditions under which TA institutions have been established in the past. After this, we reflect on formats, methods and practices that can help further develop TA as we follow the underlying hypothesis of TA as an approach that has to continuously change and adapt. Thereby, the concept of conferences can be fruitful for the TA community to stay vivid in a continuously changing environment.
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Die Ideologie des römischen Kriegerstaates der Republik mit ihren Werten Tapferkeit, Härte etc. wurde auch in der Kaiserzeit weiterhin gepflegt, obwohl die Bevölkerung, im besonderen die der Hauptstadt Rom, mit Kriegführung und Kämpfen nicht länger mehr in Berührung kam. Die ludi mit Gladiatorenkämpfen, Tierhetzen und grausamen öffentlichen Hinrichtungen, mit ihrer ritualisierten Gewalt und Abschlachtung von Menschen und Tieren, dienten der Manifestation römischer virtus, der kaiserlichen und des Imperiums Sieghaftigkeit und der Überlegenheit über die unterworfenen Völker. Die Verbreitung der ludi und munera und ihrer Spielstätten sowie der entsprechenden Ikonographie über das gesamte Reich, die Annahme dieser kulturellen Praktiken - mit der Ausrichtung von ludi durch Angehörige der lokalen Eliten und der Visualisierung der öffentlichen Gewaltrituale in aufwendigen Mosaiken in ihre Wohnhäusern - boten die Möglichkeit, Loyalität zur imperialen Ordnung und zu zentralen römischen Werten auszudrücken. Zugleich stellte es die persönliche Beteiligung bei der Umsetzung römischer Herrschaft über die Untertanten in den Städten und Provinzen des Reiches unter Beweis. ; The Roman Republican warrior state ideology of valour and grimness was equally cultivated and propagated under the Roman emperors although the Roman population at large, in particular in the capital Rome, was no longer involved into wars and fighting. The ludi with their gladiatorial combats, animal hunts and cruel public executions, with their ritualized violence and killings, served as manifestation of Roman virtus, of the emperors' and the imperium's victoriousness and superiority over the conquered nations. The spread of the ludi and munera and of their venues and iconography throughout the Roman empire, the adoption of these cultural practices - with the sponsoring of ludi by members of the local elites and the visualisation of this ritualised public violence in elaborate mosaics in their houses - was a means to express loyalty to the imperial order and to key Roman values. It demonstrated active participation in the implementation of Roman rule over its subjects in the cities and provinces of the Empire.
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Mit dem Prozess der Christianisierung entstand im Römischen Reich eine neue Art der gewaltsamen Auseinandersetzung: das religiös motivierte Vorgehen gegen Orte, Objekte oder Personen. Die radikalste Form dieser Konflikte war das Vorgehen gegen die Heiligtümer des religiösen Gegners - gegen Tempel, Synagogen oder Kirchengebäude. Die Folgen waren einschneidend: Die Übergriffe forderten Reaktionen aller Institutionen, vom Kaiser bis zu den städtischen Elite. Es wird die Rolle der Gesetzgebung, der imperialen und lokalen Verwaltung analysiert und das Verhältnis der Institutionen zu den sich neu strukturierenden regionalen und lokalen Öffentlichkeiten.
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In: The annals of occupational hygiene: an international journal published for the British Occupational Hygiene Society, Band 58, Heft 9, S. 1143-1154
ISSN: 1475-3162
36 pages, 12 figures, 1 table ; he tropical Atlantic is home to multiple coupled climate variations covering a wide range of timescales and impacting societally relevant phenomena such as continental rainfall, Atlantic hurricane activity, oceanic biological productivity, and atmospheric circulation in the equatorial Pacific. The tropical Atlantic also connects the southern and northern branches of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and receives freshwater input from some of the world's largest rivers. To address these diverse, unique, and interconnected research challenges, a rich network of ocean observations has developed, building on the backbone of the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). This network has evolved naturally over time and out of necessity in order to address the most important outstanding scientific questions and to improve predictions of tropical Atlantic severe weather and global climate variability and change. The tropical Atlantic observing system is motivated by goals to understand and better predict phenomena such as tropical Atlantic interannual to decadal variability and climate change; multidecadal variability and its links to the meridional overturning circulation; air-sea fluxes of CO2 and their implications for the fate of anthropogenic CO2; the Amazon River plume and its interactions with biogeochemistry, vertical mixing, and hurricanes; the highly productive eastern boundary and equatorial upwelling systems; and oceanic oxygen minimum zones, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems, and their feedbacks to climate. Past success of the tropical Atlantic observing system is the result of an international commitment to sustained observations and scientific cooperation, a willingness to evolve with changing research and monitoring needs, and a desire to share data openly with the scientific community and operational centers. The observing system must continue to evolve in order to meet an expanding set of research priorities and operational challenges. This paper discusses the tropical Atlantic observing system, including emerging scientific questions that demand sustained ocean observations, the potential for further integration of the observing system, and the requirements for sustaining and enhancing the tropical Atlantic observing system ; MM-R received funding from the MORDICUS grant under contract ANR-13-SENV-0002-01 and the MSCA-IF-EF-ST FESTIVAL (H2020-EU project 797236). GF, MG, RLu, RP, RW, and CS were supported by NOAA/OAR through base funds to AOML and the Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division (OOMD; fund reference 100007298). This is NOAA/PMEL contribution #4918. PB, MDe, JH, RH, and JL are grateful for continuing support from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. German participation is further supported by different programs funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Deutsche Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), and the European Union. The EU-PREFACE project funded by the EU FP7/2007–2013 programme (Grant No. 603521) contributed to results synthesized here. LCC was supported by the UERJ/Prociencia-2018 research grant. JOS received funding from the Cluster of Excellence Future Ocean (EXC80-DFG), the EU-PREFACE project (Grant No. 603521) and the BMBF-AWA project (Grant No. 01DG12073C)
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A search for dark matter linelike signals iss performed in the vicinity of the Galactic Center by the H.E.S.S. experiment on observational data taken in 2014. An unbinned likelihood analysis iss developed to improve the sensitivity to linelike signals. The upgraded analysis along with newer data extend the energy coverage of the previous measurement down to 100 GeV. The 18 h of data collected with the H.E.S.S. array allow one to rule out at 95% C.L. the presence of a 130 GeV line (at l=-1.5°, b=0° and for a dark matter profile centered at this location) previously reported in Fermi-LAT data. This new analysis overlaps significantly in energy with previous Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. RESULTS: No significant excess associated with dark matter annihilations was found in the energy range of 100 GeV to 2 TeV and upper limits on the gamma-ray flux and the velocity weighted annihilation cross section are derived adopting an Einasto dark matter halo profile. Expected limits for present and future large statistics H.E.S.S. observations are also given. ; The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the French Ministry for Research, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules and the Astroparticle Interdisciplinary Programme of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Charles University, the Czech Science Foundation, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, and the University of Namibia. We appreciate the excellent work of the technical support staff in Berlin, Durham, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Palaiseau, Paris, Saclay, and Namibia in the construction and operation of the equipment. R. C. G. Chaves Funded by European Union Seventh Framework Programme Marie Curie, Grant Agreement No. PIEF-GA-2012-332350. ; Peer-reviewed ; Publisher Version
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