Suchergebnisse

Studies reported that sports participation contributively has impacts on society, the economy, and health. However, research on sports participation in developing countries, including Indonesia, is limited. This study aimed to investigate the level of sports participation and motivation of the community. Furthermore, this research also examined the role of government and public sports organizations. The data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis, namely the data frequency from the questionnaire analysis. The study was conducted in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, involving 630 respondents and using a questionnaire developed from the Sports Development Index (SDI). The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The samples should meet the criteria, including the specified age group, place of residence, not physically disabled, and could carry out daily activities independently. The study found that 41% of respondents regularly participated in sports activities, 20% of respondents irregularly participated in sports activities, and 39% of respondents were inactive. Soccer and running became the most played sports, performed by 26% and 18% of respondents. The main goal of exercising was to maintain health (64%). It was also found that most of them were engaged in the sports community. In addition, in the view of the community, the role of stakeholders in providing facilities, infrastructure, training, and sports socialization still needs improvements.

There were differences of attitudes taken by the caliphs Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and Umar bin al-Khattab in the narration of the hadith, as compared to those carried by the Prophet Muhammad. In his time, the Prophet (SAS) invited and motivated the Companions to narrate the hadith to others. But the caliphs Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and Umar bin al-Khattab carried out a different policy between the obligations of the Companions to tighten the narrations of the traditions of the Prophet SAW or called taqlid al-riwayah. The paper aims to discuss taqlid al-riwayah policy based on background, forms, and objectives. They were related to the policy and bring up the positive and negative of the application of the policy to the development of hadith in the aftermath. The results of the study found that there were political and social factors that cause policies to be taken. They oppose politics, oppose false prophets, the number of people who apostatize, and do not run Islamic law with kaffah, exchanging friends who gave false traditions. The taqlil al-riwayah policy takes various forms. They are to reduce narration, strictness (tatsabbut) in accepting competition, punishing and renewing friends who had multiply the narration of traditions. The traditions of the Prophet Muhammad were from mistakes and falsification. Besides, this policy also opposes the development of traditions, both regarding the positive, preserved, authenticity and quality of the traditions of the Prophet SAW and also does not violate false traditions (maudhu ') among Muslims. It is also free of negative impacts. According to part of the distribution and the list of traditions, the Prophet (PBUH), the lively discussion of hadith meanings and the delay in the process of codifying the traditions of the Prophet PBUH.