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Purpose
This paper aims to contribute to the lack of research on female social entrepreneurs and their social and contextual embeddedness, promoting women's social entrepreneurial activity as promising, specifically in the South African context.


Design/methodology/approach
By analyzing the founding process and networks of 11 female social entrepreneurs in South Africa using a mixed-method approach consisting of semi-structured interviews, media analysis and egocentric network analysis, this paper seeks to discover the idea-fruition process of female social entrepreneurs. This approach enables us to analyze contextual factors with a focus on personal networks and their influence on the processes of idea-generation and development.


Findings
The results indicate that social networks are an important part of the personal context which influences the idea-fruition process of female social entrepreneurs. The paper identifies specific actors as well as group outcomes as particular relevant within this context.


Research limitations/implications
While the results enable the generation of a structure based on the authors' first insights into how social relational networks influence female social entrepreneurship, it remains unclear if these results can be specifically traced to women or social entrepreneurial aspects, which suggests that further attention is needed in future studies.


Practical implications
Practical implications can be derived from the results concerning the support of female social entrepreneurs by, for example, optimizing or using their (social entrepreneurial) environment. Contrary to studies on business idea-generation, the results stress that women can make use of certain network constructions that are often considered to be obstructive.


Originality/value
This study introduces an innovative gender perspective on social entrepreneurship in South Africa and offers new directions for future research on the opportunity recognition process of female social entrepreneurs.

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The confluence of entrepreneurship, gender, sustainability and especially the social dimension is intricate and underestimated. This book analyses social entrepreneurship through a gender lens by portraying German female social entrepreneurs and their political, social and economic contexts. Within a descriptive qualitative research design, a secondary analysis of different dimensions of the social entrepreneurship system and twenty-five in-depth interviews with social entrepreneurs and experts were conducted. The author shows that this sector entails potential to re-do gender and reframe the economy, challenging norms and borders towards systemic change. Das Zusammenspiel von Unternehmertum, Gender, Nachhaltigkeit und insbesondere der sozialen Dimension ist komplex und unterschätzt. Diese Studie analysiert Social Entrepreneurship durch eine Gender-Linse und stellt deutsche Sozialunternehmerinnen und ihre politischen, sozialen und ökonomischen Kontexte dar. Im Rahmen eines deskriptiven qualitativen Forschungsdesigns wurden eine Sekundäranalyse verschiedener Dimensionen des Social Entrepreneurship-Systems und fünfundzwanzig Interviews durchgeführt. Die Autorin zeigt, dass dieser Sektor das Potenzial hat, Gender neu zu denken und die Wirtschaft neu zu gestalten, indem er Normen und Grenzen in Richtung eines systemischen Wandels herausfordert.

This study assessed prevention and control of squatters in Nyamagana as well as Ilemela municipalities in Mwanza City, Tanzania through social responsibility approach. The major research question was, "How can social responsibility approach help to prevent and control the increase of squatters in Mwanza City?" Also, sub-research questions guided the study. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative research approaches through a case study strategy. The study involved 390 respondents that included municipal officials, local government leaders at grass root level, local residents, Civil Society Organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs).Purposive sampling procedure was employed to get Mwanza City Council officials as well as municipal officials and civil society organization leaders. Furthermore, convenience as well as snow ball and simple random sampling procedures were employed to get respondents from squatters. Interviews, questionnaire, focus group discussion and observation yielded primary data, while documentary review provided secondary data for this study. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis, while statistical analyses were employed for quantitative data that furnished summary presented in form of tables and histograms.Findings revealed that more females than males migrated to Mwanza city squatter areas. Moreover, results from this study disclosed that more youth aged between 18 and 35 years migrated as well as settled in squatter areas than those 55 and above years old. Results from this study further revealed that respondents for this study had varied education levels with a higher illiteracy level among female respondents than male respondents in the study area. Several pull factors that accounted for people to migrate from rural areas to Mwanza city in squatter settlements were disclosed.In addition, it was exposed that besides some initiatives already instituted, the government had future plans in dealing with squatter settlements in Mwanza city. Moreover, individuals and entities are participating minimally in curbing identified deviant behaviours in the study areas. For example, to some extent, an international NGO, Railway Children Africa in collaboration with local partners are dealing with rehabilitation of street children who mostly originate from squatter settlements. By employing Concentric Zone Theory, results from this study led the researcher postulate the following Mwanza city five concentric zones: the Central Business District (CBD); zone of transition between residential and commercial areas; a low‐class residential area; a commuter zone; a middle and high‐class residential area. Besides, results from this study paved the way for providing salient recommendations. Among such recommendations, the most important includes that accrued from analysis guided through Conceptual Framework whereby it is suggested that there is need for all persons, as individuals, civil society organizations that include Faith-Based Organizations together with the government machineries (central government, local government authorities including public entities), to control and prevent squatter settlements plus institute a fight to curb prevailing deviant behaviours in Mwanza city areas that include squatter settlements.

This study assessed prevention and control of squatters in Nyamagana as well as Ilemela municipalities in Mwanza City, Tanzania through social responsibility approach. The major research question was, "How can social responsibility approach help to prevent and control the increase of squatters in Mwanza City?" Also, sub-research questions guided the study. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative research approaches through a case study strategy. The study involved 390 respondents that included municipal officials, local government leaders at grass root level, local residents, Civil Society Organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs).Purposive sampling procedure was employed to get Mwanza City Council officials as well as municipal officials and civil society organization leaders. Furthermore, convenience as well as snow ball and simple random sampling procedures were employed to get respondents from squatters. Interviews, questionnaire, focus group discussion and observation yielded primary data, while documentary review provided secondary data for this study. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis, while statistical analyses were employed for quantitative data that furnished summary presented in form of tables and histograms.Findings revealed that more females than males migrated to Mwanza city squatter areas. Moreover, results from this study disclosed that more youth aged between 18 and 35 years migrated as well as settled in squatter areas than those 55 and above years old. Results from this study further revealed that respondents for this study had varied education levels with a higher illiteracy level among female respondents than male respondents in the study area. Several pull factors that accounted for people to migrate from rural areas to Mwanza city in squatter settlements were disclosed.In addition, it was exposed that besides some initiatives already instituted, the government had future plans in dealing with squatter settlements in Mwanza city. Moreover, individuals and entities are participating minimally in curbing identified deviant behaviours in the study areas. For example, to some extent, an international NGO, Railway Children Africa in collaboration with local partners are dealing with rehabilitation of street children who mostly originate from squatter settlements. By employing Concentric Zone Theory, results from this study led the researcher postulate the following Mwanza city five concentric zones: the Central Business District (CBD); zone of transition between residential and commercial areas; a low‐class residential area; a commuter zone; a middle and high‐class residential area. Besides, results from this study paved the way for providing salient recommendations. Among such recommendations, the most important includes that accrued from analysis guided through Conceptual Framework whereby it is suggested that there is need for all persons, as individuals, civil society organizations that include Faith-Based Organizations together with the government machineries (central government, local government authorities including public entities), to control and prevent squatter settlements plus institute a fight to curb prevailing deviant behaviours in Mwanza city areas that include squatter settlements.

Cover -- (Un)typisch Gender Studies - neue interdisziplinäre Forschungsfragen -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Gender Studies - was ist typisch, was nicht? -- 1 Gender Studies, was ist typisch? -- 2 Was ist untypisch? -- 3 Ausblick - alles Gender Studies? -- Einführung -- Wie genderbewusst sind Studierende? Ausgewählte empirische Befunde zu einem noch weitgehend vernachlässigten Forschungsfeld -- 1 Ausgangspunkt und Problemstellung -- 2 Genderbewusstsein ausdifferentiell-psychologischer Perspektive -- 3 Fragestellungen -- 4 Methodisches Vorgehen -- 4.1 Beschreibung der Stichprobe -- 4.2 Operationalisierung des Genderbewusstseins -- 4.3 Durchführung der statistischen Analysen -- 5 Ausgewählte Befunde zum GenderbewusstseinStudierender -- 5.1 Unterschiede nach Selbsteinschätzung und Disziplin -- 5.2 Psychologisch differente Personengruppen -- 5.3 Partizipation an Gender-Mainstreaming-Maßnahmen -- 5.4 Merkmale einer gendersensiblen hochschulspezifischen Organisationskultur -- 6 Zusammenfassende Ergebnisdiskussion sowie zentrale Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis -- 6.1 Diskussion der Befunde -- 6.2 Weiterführende Forschungsperspektiven -- 6.3 Implikationen für die Hochschulpraxis -- Effective Gender Equality in Research and the Academia (EGERA) -- 1 Context of the Project -- 2 Literature review: Assessing Women'sParticipation and the Inclusion of Gender inResearch -- 2.1 The Leaky Pipeline of Women in Research -- 2.2 Addressing the Glass Ceiling in Academic Careers -- 2.3 Stereotypical Expectations and Differential Value -- 2.4 Non-transparent Procedures and Unclear Career Perspectives -- 2.5 (Women-) unfriendly Work Environments -- 2.6 From Gender-blind to Gender-sensitive Research -- 2.7 Gender Balanced Workforces as a Mark of Excellence -- 3 Added Value with Respect to Other FP7 Projectsand Objectives of EGERA -- 4 EGERA Partnership

Intro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Perspectives on Resilience Research -- Resilience Within the YEEES Project -- Why Focus on Resilience? Understanding Various Forms of Resilience -- How Our Research Contributes to Resilience? -- Contents -- Part I Resilience and Entrepreneurial Activities -- How to Make Entrepreneurs Strong: Introducing a Framework for Research on Entrepreneurs' Resilience -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Meaning of Entrepreneurial Resilience -- 2.1 Defining Entrepreneurial Resilience -- 2.2 Relevance of Entrepreneurs' Resilience -- 3 Factors Influencing Entrepreneurs' Resilience -- 3.1 Personal Factors -- 3.2 Venture-Specific Factors -- 3.3 Context Factors/Resilience of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem -- Economic Factors -- Political Factors -- Social and Cultural Factors -- 4 Introducing a Research Model for Entrepreneurial Resilience -- 4.1 Overview and Interconnections -- 4.2 Selected Research Questions -- Measuring Entrepreneurial Resilience -- Religion/Spirituality and Entrepreneurial Resilience -- Impact of Coronavirus on Entrepreneurial Resilience -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Toward a Framework for University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Human Capital Development in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Universities as an Enabling Factor for Entrepreneurship -- 3 The Fundamental Role of Universities within the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem -- 4 University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Human Capital -- 5 University HUBs as Enablers of Human Capital for Entrepreneurship -- 6 Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Context -- 7 Historical Development -- 8 Necessity Vs Opportunity Entrepreneur -- 9 University-Based Entrepreneurial Education in the Region -- 10 The Rise of Entrepreneurial Hubs in the Region -- 11 Entrepreneurship Evolution in Mozambican Recent History.

Intro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Current State and Perspectives of Sustainable Mobility -- Research Approaches and Objectives of Project NEMo -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Methodology -- 2 Sociological and Psychological Enhancement of the Community Idea (Module Community) -- 2.1 Relevance -- 2.2 Theoretical Background -- 2.3 Applications and Practical Implications -- 3 Organizational Concepts for Sustainable Mobility Models and Social Self-Organization (Module Organization) -- 3.1 Relevance of the Social Self-Organization Approach for Sustainable Mobility -- 3.2 Theoretical Background -- 3.3 Application and Practical Implications of Social Self-Organization within the Context of the Project -- 4 Development of Suitable Business Models (Module Business Models) -- 4.1 Relevance of Business Model Development -- 4.2 Theoretical Background -- 4.3 Using an Innovative Approach for the Structural Support of Idea and Business Model Generation for the NEMo Platform -- 5 Appropriate Support through Flexible, Adaptable, and Sustainable Software Architectures (Module ICT) -- 5.1 Relevance of Software Architectures for Sustainable Mobility -- 5.2 Theoretical Background -- 5.3 Application and Practical Implications of Software Architectures within the Context of the Project -- 6 Summary and Future Work -- References -- The Future of Mobility in Rural Areas: Participation and Co-creation in a Real-World Laboratory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Postulate of Equivalence of Living Conditions and the Implications for Mobility -- 3 Mobility Turnaround: The Status of the Discussion -- 4 Local Adapted Mobility Solutions: Working in a Real-World Laboratory -- 4.1 The Project ``wat nu'' -- 4.2 Real-World Laboratories: Concepts and Features.