Suchergebnisse

Much research has demonstrated that progress in socioeconomic development and health infrastructure is instrumental in reducing maternal mortality. However, the effects on the maternal mortality ratio of state capacity and social fragmentation, which might change socioeconomic and health factors, are still under-studied. This study examines the extent to which state capacity (at the local level) and social fragmentation affect maternal mortality disparities across districts in Indonesia. By using district-level data and a separate analysis of old and new districts resulting from the proliferation of local government after decentralization, I find that local state capacity does matter for public health care provision. Districts that have stronger state capacity are more likely to have less maternal mortality. Also, variations in local state capacity are responsible for the prevalence of inter-regional disparities in maternal mortality in the country, in particular between old and new districts. Therefore, improvements in local state capacity, especially for new districts, will be necessary for the country to minimize the inter-regional gaps in health outcomes like maternal mortality. Unexpectedly, I do not find a significant link between social fragmentation and maternal mortality.

AbstractThis study aims to examine the effect of local government proliferation on maternal mortality in Indonesia. Despite the large body of literature on the determinants of local government proliferation, little is known about the consequences of district proliferation on public health services and outcomes. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with local government officials, health providers, and non‐state actors as well as observations of health care provision in four districts in Indonesia, this study reveals that the lack of local state capacity in the newly created districts contributes to higher rates of maternal mortality in the new districts compared to those of old districts. Not only does the lack of state capacity increase the dependency of local government on central government resources, it also discourages the development of local initiatives and policies to reduce maternal mortality.

Abstract
The persistence of political dynasties in developed and developing countries has been an interesting puzzle as democracy does not automatically obliterate the domination of familial ties in politics. Prior studies suggest that women are more likely to be dynastic than men. However, it remains unclear on how parties are allocating dynasts into committees and whether it is gendered or not. This paper introduces new observational data on female parliamentary representation, dynastic background and committee membership of 575 sitting parliamentarians in Indonesia. The findings suggest that one in every four members of parliament are dynasts and the proportion among female lawmakers has increased from 42% in 2009 to 44% in 2019. However, the experience of dynastic women in relation to committee assignment is not uniform. The critical variable that influences their placement appears to be the political party to which they belong, particularly in terms of nomination and internal structure. This paper offers initial leads for future research endeavours in connecting the intersectionality between political dynasties and committee assignments in other countries.

Despite the increasing participation of women judges worldwide, including in Muslim countries, the glass ceiling effect in female judges' careers remains persistent. Using the Islamic judicial system in Indonesia as a case study, this article aims to analyze the representation of female judges and examine why the glass ceiling effect exists in the Islamic judicial system in Indonesia. Drawing on interviews with twenty judges in various provinces in Indonesia and analyzing the gendered organization framework, this article argues that gender blindness in the Islamic judicial organization has contributed to the persistence of gender inequality and the glass ceiling effect. This article also argues that a gender-neutral setting contributes to sustaining or encouraging gendered practices within organizations. Furthermore, focusing on work-life balance as the only solution for addressing the under-representation of women in the public sphere does not necessarily ease them from caring responsibilities as the gendered division of labor in the domestic sphere has not changed. Therefore, we suggest that making the judicial system a gender transformative organization is essential in order to reduce the glass ceiling effect in the Islamic judicial system in Indonesia.

AbstractObjectivesThis article responds to an understudied question on how does marital status make a difference in terms of voter turnout among young people in the Muslim world.MethodsThe article draws on the 2010 Muslim Youth Survey and focus on 1127 respondents aged between 15 and 25 in Indonesia. Using binominal logistic regression analysis, it seeks to examine how marital status affects Indonesian young people's voting behaviour in three types of elections held in 2009: legislative, presidential, and regional.ResultsThe finding confirms that married young individuals are more likely to vote than those who are not married. However, the marriage gap only exists in the legislative and presidential elections as the impact of marital status diminishes in regional elections.ConclusionThis paper contributes to the literature by examining how the marriage gap in politics does not only occur in post‐industrialized and developed countries. Also, regional election systematically prevents young voters to participate as the ballot sheets are only available in respective jurisdiction.

AbstractWomen are increasingly the target of agricultural development programs aimed at reducing poverty and food insecurity, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. Some feminist scholars argue that such efforts are driven more by concerns about the efficient use of resources than the rights of women and do little to transform gendered power relations. We examine how development interventions that target women affect household well‐being, especially food insecurity, empower women, and transform gendered power relations. Our study uses the case of the Gates Foundation funded East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) program in Uganda. Our methods include the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index survey and in‐depth interviews of women farmers and key informants, within the EADD program. We argue that the livestock sector provides critical insights into women's empowerment because livestock are not "socially neutral" in their gendered effects. Our study found that: (1) ownership of dairy cows enhanced important dimensions of women's empowerment and gender equity that benefited women and households; (2) women's labor responsibilities for dairy cows disempowered some women by increasing their time poverty and; (3) ownership of dairy cows provided a means for women to disrupt entrenched social norms related to gender roles within the household and agriculture.