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Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Illustrations -- 1 The Moral and Procedural Structure of Declarations of War -- An Introduction -- 1 A Brief Overview of the Theory of Speech Acts 5 -- 2 Charles v of France, the Wise, and the Congress of the United States -- 3 Perceptual Issues: Legislative Capacities and Incapacities -- 4 Definitional Issues: a Lexical vs. a Performative Definition -- 4.1 War as a Performative Speech Act -- 5&eemsp;The Four and a Half Lexical Declarations of War in American History -- 5.1 Absolute vs. Conditional Declarations of War -- 5.2 Reasoned vs. Unreasoned Declarations of War -- 5.3 The Organizational Capacity and Incapacity for Declaring War -- 2 Executive War Making from George H. W. Bush to Gilgamesh -- Invariant State Practice -- 1 An Elected Constitutional Monarch -- 2 An Invariant State Practice -- 3 Explaining the Rise of Elected Constitutional Monarchies: the "Power of the Purse" -- 4 From Majesty to Sovereignty -- 5 Primus Inter Pars -- 6 Parsing Sovereignty -- 7 Conclusion: Imagining an Alternative after Five Thousand Years -- 3 The Congressional Incapacity to Declare War -- Legislative Sins of Omission vs. Executive Sins of Commission -- 1 Two Examples of War Making Procedures in Kingless Assemblies -- 1.1 The Second Continental Congress -- 1.2 The Security Council -- 2 War and Non-War: Two Examples of Congressional Incapacity -- 2.1 Non-Authorization by the 112th Congress -- 2.2 Authorization by the 107th Congress -- 3 James Madison and the Power to Declare War -- 3.1 The War of 1812: Sins of Commission and Sins of Omission -- 4 Conclusion -- 4 Defining War and the Declaring of War -- Performative Speech Acts and Ontological Guillotines -- 1 Part 1: Declarations as Performative Speech Acts -- 1.1 Defining the Indefinable -- 1.1.1 Defining "Armed Conflict"? -- 1.2 Codependency: the Speech Act Character of War -- 1.2.1 Three Thought Experiments -- 1.2.2 Rule of Law and the Outlawing of War -- 1.2.3 Erasing the Codependent Relationship -- 1.2.4 An Imperfect "Perfect" -- 2 Part 2: Declarations as Ontological Guillotines: Transforming the Subjective into the Objective -- 2.1 Functional Equivalent Ways to Declare War -- 2.1.1 Positively Missing the Point -- 5 The Declaring of War as a Conflict Resolution Strategy -- 1 The Shortcomings of Hague Convention III -- 2 Unconditional Cynicism and Bad Faith -- 3 Parliamentary vs. Executive Decision-Making: the Decision Is the Declaration vs. the Decision Is Not the Declaration -- 4 The Jus Fetiale : Procedural Justice Sustains Substantive Justice -- 6 The United Nation's Security Council -- >An "Original Understanding" vs. "Original Intentions" -- 1 Original Irrelevance: Perceiving a Separation of Powers -- 1.1 John Yoo's "Original Understanding" -- 1.2 Arthur Schlesinger, "Original Intent," and "Collective Judgment" -- 2 Searching for Suitable Textual Models -- 2.1 The Security Council and the Exercise of a Functionally Equivalent Power to Declare War -- 3 Conclusion -- 7 A Monarchial vs. a Republican Constitution -- Misplacing Ends and Means -- 1 Constitutional Symmetry: the Road Not Taken -- 2 Procedural Legitimacy and the Ontology of Policy Ends and Means -- 2.1 The Ontology of a Procedurally Legitimate Declaration of Policy Ends in a Republic -- 2.2 The Ontology of a Procedurally Legitimate Ordering of Policy Means in a Republic -- 3 Conclusion -- 8 Ends and Means or Checks and Balance? -- Obscuring Agency by Authorizing War in the Unites States and Europe -- 1 Clausewitz on War -- 2 The Just-Interaction Criteria -- 3 The Federal Convention of 1787 -- 4 Obscuring Agency by Authorizing War in the Unites States and Europe -- Appendices -- Appendix A The Declaration of Independence and Twelve Congressional Declarations of War -- Appendix B British Declaration of War against France, 7 May 1689 -- Appendix C Two Modern, Procedurally Imperfect Declarations of War -- Appendix D A Model Constitutional Amendment -- Appendix E A Joint Resolution to Establish a Joint Congressional Drafting Committee of 20xx -- Appendix F Re-evaluating the Traditional Just- War Criteria -- Bibliography -- Index.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- An Innovation: Written Constitutions -- Social Contract Theory -- The Confederation: A Detour -- The Federation: Back on Track -- A Standing Army: A Deadly Threat to the Republic? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 1. The Power to Tax -- Key Terms -- History and Development -- Other Limitations (or Possible Limitations) on the Taxing Power: -- Future Implications -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2. The Power to Borrow Money -- Key Terms -- History and Development -- The Washington Administration and Debt -- From the Panic of 1837 to the Civil War

This book, offering a unique resource for students, scholars, and citizens, fully explains all of the 21 enumerated powers of the U.S. Congress, from the "power of the purse" to the power to declare war.

"Declaring War directly challenges the 200-year-old belief that the Congress can and should declare war. By offering a detailed analysis of the declarations of 1812, 1898 and the War Powers Resolution of 1973, the book demonstrates the extent of the organizational and moral incapacity of the Congress to declare war. This book invokes Carl von Clausewitz's dictum that 'war is policy' to explain why declarations of war are an integral part of war and proposes two possible remedies - a constitutional amendment or, alternatively, a significant reorganization of Congress. It offers a comprehensive historical, legal, constitutional, moral and philosophical analysis of why Congress has failed to check an imperial presidency. The book draws on Roman history and international law to clarify the form, function and language of declarations of war, and John Austin's speech act theory to investigate why and how a 'public announcement' is essential for the social construction of both war and the rule of law"--