Suchergebnisse

Aims: The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not easy as there is no direct test that exists to establish such a diagnosis. Increasing community and healthcare professional knowledge of the ASD spectrum is crucial because it will encourage parents of ASD children to seek screening and diagnosis from a specialist, allowing for better early detection and treatment. This study explored the knowledge of the general population in Saudi Arabia regarding ASD and assessed variables associated with an accurate understanding of ASD. Methods: A total of 769 participants were involved in this cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Saudi Arabia between November 2021 and February 2022 using an online survey tool to explore the knowledge of the general population in Saudi Arabia regarding typical child development and ASD. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors affecting participants' knowledge of autism. Results: Overall, the study participants showed a weak level of knowledge about autism with a mean score of 5.9 (SD: 3.1), comprising 34.7% of the total maximum obtainable score. Participants with a middle income category of 5000–7500 SR are less likely to be knowledgeable about autism compared to others (OR: 0.60 (95% CI: 0.39–0.92)) (p-value = 0.020). Conclusion: The participants in our study showed limited knowledge about autism. Government funds should be made available to facilitate educational services for ASD children. More funding and resources should be allocated by the government to provide assistance for children with special needs, and changes in public facilities are required to meet the demands of ASD patients. Through an informed educational effort, various media platforms should assist in improving the community's understanding of ASD and their attitude toward ASD patients. Educational campaigns should focus on enhancing the public's knowledge about ASD treatment and etiology.

The purpose of this research is to look into the impact of audit quality on company performance. It offers empirical evidence from the Jordanian market, which is considered an emerging market. In this study, audit quality is proxied by auditor tenure, auditor industry specialization, and auditor firm size, while company performance is proxied by ROA, ROE, and EPS. A panel data analysis of all Jordanian industrial public shareholding companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange during the timeframe (2012 to 2017) is used in this study. The primary findings are that auditor tenure has a negative influence on ROA, but auditor industry specialization and auditor firm size have no influence on ROA. Auditor firm size has a positive influence on both ROE and EPS, but auditor tenure and auditor industry specialization have a non-significant negative influence on both ROE and EPS. According to these results, companies in emerging markets should be encouraged to overcome the barriers that limit the link between audit quality and company performance. The study also suggests more research on the impact of audit quality on information asymmetry and earnings management. Future study might potentially identify characteristics that influence audit quality, particularly in emerging countries (such as MENA countries), where there has been little effort to explore the level of audit quality and its relationship with other factors.

In this work we study gamma modules which are implying full stability or implying by full stability. A gamma module is fully stable if for each gamma submodule of and each homomorphism of into . Many properties and characterizations of these classes of gamma modules are considered. We extend some results from the module to the gamma module theories.

This study aims to examine the impact of the ownership structure on firm performance in the Jordan. This study employed the multiple-regression model and fixed regression effect to analyse the data. The sample included all Jordanian first market firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) from 2012 to 2018. The paper's findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between institutional ownership and both accounting measure Return on Assets (ROA) and market measure Tobin's Q (TQ). Other ownership structure types, such as concentration of ownership, also affect ROA and TQ. While managerial ownership shows a negative relationship with ROA, but there is no association with TQ. This study has broad and comprehensive practical implications that are good for policymakers. On the one hand, it adds to the debate on agency theory from the ownership structure and firm's performance relationship. On the other hand, it helps the Jordanian Government formulate policies and regulations to strengthen corporate governance (CG), which increases the interests of all stakeholders in the Jordanian market.

Anläßlich des 30. Jahrestages der Unabhängigkeit Sansibars von der britischen Kolonialherrschaft schildern 5 Autoren Grundzüge der Entwicklung des Landes, das seit 1964 mit Tansania zu einer politischen Einheit verschmolzen ist. Die Beiträge beginnen mit dem Abdruck einer Rede des Präsidenten S. Amour zur 30-Jahr-Feier der Unabhängigkeit, in der er hauptsächlich die politische und sozioökonomische Entwicklung Sansibars in den letzten 3 Jahrzehnten skizziert. Dabei thematisiert er auch die unbefriedigende wirtschaftliche Situation des Landes und geht auf die politische Liberalisierung seit den 80er Jahren ein. Der sich anschließende Überblick H. Othmans über 200 Jahre ökonomische und politische Geschichte Sansibars hat seinen Schwerpunkt in der Darstellung der sozialen und politischen Kräfte zur Zeit des Kampfes um die Unabhängigkeit 1955-63. A. M. Babu setzt in seinem Beitrag kritische Akzente bei der Beurteilung der jüngeren Entwicklung Sansibars. Er sieht bei Staat und Verwaltung sowie in der politischen Dominanz des tansanischen Festlands über Sansibar eine Mitverantwortung für die wirtschaftliche Stagnation, zu deren Überwindung er Vorschläge unterbreitet. S. S. Hamad hinterfragt die aktuelle Situation der verfassungsmäßig garantierten Bürgerrechte auf Sansibar. M. Said wirft Fragen nach dem Hintergrund der Entstehung der Union zwischen Sansibar und Tansania auf. Er schildert die außenpolitische Orientierung der beiden Länder und befaßt sich mit den Rivalitäten der politischen Führung und der Rolle des ehemaligen tansanischen Präsidenten J. Nyerere. (DÜI-Ply)

AbstractKnowledge hiding has been the topic of some research in supply chains in the last few years. These studies either identify antecedents of knowledge hiding or its negative consequences. However, studies pertaining to how knowledge hiding adversely affect buyer–supplier relationships are scant. Based on an initial pilot study comprising six semistructured with managers engaged in the process of buying and selling products and services, our results unveil three factors (lack of interpersonal trust, mutual loyalty, and limited interaction), which affect business relationship between managers of buying and supplying firms, when they hide knowledge from each other. This article concludes by discussing its initial contributions to theory. Finally, study limitations and future research direction are articulated.

The paper disentangles gross savings into government and private savings and investigate their impact on gross investment. Our methodology is based on a balanced panel of four MENA countries (Tunisia, Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon) for the period 2000-2017 by employing the Panel Vector Autoregressive Model (PVAR). Our findings show that government savings as a ratio of GDP does not have any impact on investment while private savings as a ratio of GDP does. Both variables exhibit the correct signs. The results also show that mobility of private saving is high and seemingly statistically inconsistent with the Fielstein and Horioka (1980) puzzle. Our paper also reveals that even though OECD countries are more open than our sample countries, the higher capital mobility of our sample is driven by the economic and political instability in the region. ; Rad razgraničava bruto štednju na državnu i privatnu štednju te istražuje njihov utjecaj na bruto investicije. Metodologija se temelji na uravnoteženom panelu četiri zemlje Bliskog istoka i Afrike (Tunis, Jordan, Egipat i Libanon) za razdoblje od 2000. do 2017. primjenom panel vektorskog autoregreijskog modela (PVAR). Rezultati pokazuju da državna štednja kao omjer BDP-a nema utjecaja na investicije, dok privatna štednja kao omjer BDP -a ima. Obje varijable potvrđuju očekivani predznak. Rezultati također pokazuju da je mobilnost privatne štednje velika i naizgled statistički neusklađena s zagonetkom Fielstein i Horioka (1980.). Ovaj članak također otkriva da, iako su zemlje OECD-a otvorenije od zemalja promatranog uzorka, veća mobilnost kapitala promatranog uzorka je posljedica ekonomske i političke nestabilnosti u regiji.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of s.p-semisimple module. Let S be a semiradical property, we say that a module M is s.p - semisimple if for every submodule N of M, there exists a direct summand K of M such that K ≤ N and N / K has S. we prove that a module M is s.p - semisimple module if and only if for every submodule A of M, there exists a direct summand B of M such that A = B + C and C has S. Also, we prove that for a module M is s.p - semisimple if and only if for every submodule A of M, there exists an idempotent e ∊ End(M) such that e(M) ≤ A and (1- e)(A) has S.