Suchergebnisse

Despite the Indian government's proactive initiatives and reforms in the labour laws in the host countries, the welfare of Indian workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries remains compromised. The Indian workers continue to face exploitation, often left stranded or forced to return home penniless. In line with best global practices, India's Bilateral Labour Agreements (BLAs) and Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) with all the GCC countries need to make specific reference to the host countries' labour laws and facilitate bilateral coordination in the governance of the full migration cycle. Special focus is needed in the construction sector, where a vast majority of low-skilled Indian workers are employed. The article examines the effectiveness of India's BLAs and MoUs with the GCC countries in protecting the low-skilled Indian workers in the region.

Rentierism in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region had emanated both from significant external rent and from the statist model of development feeding each other, where legitimacy was secured through rent distribution. The rent-led resource imbalance between the state and the society, as well as intra-societal inequalities in the region, has been less recognized and studied. The flow of external rent in tandem with internal rent-seeking has perpetuated the wealth and power of the political and economic elites and limited economic opportunities of the larger population. The rentierism that bred on vertical controls and network of privileges is set to be disrupted from flows and connectivity generated in the growth of digital commerce in the region.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Bahrain -- Chapter 3: Iran -- Chapter 4: Iraq -- Chapter 5: Kuwait -- Chapter 6: Oman -- Chapter 7: Qatar -- Chapter 8: Saudi Arabia -- Chapter 9: United Arab Emirates -- Chapter 10: Yemen -- Chapter 11: GCC -- Chapter 12: Policy Options.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Bahrain -- Chapter 3: Iran -- Chapter 4: Iraq -- Chapter 5: Kuwait -- Chapter 6: Oman -- Chapter 7: Qatar -- Chapter 8: Saudi Arabia -- Chapter 9: UAE -- Chapter 10: Yemen -- Chapter 11: GCC -- Chapter 12: Policy Options. .

The Persian Gulf 2021-22 is the ninth in the annual Persian Gulf Series published by MEI@ND. It is a detailed analysis of India's bilateral relations with the nine countries in the Persian Gulf region and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and focuses on the developments of 2020 and 2021. It offers a comprehensive account of the internal politics, economic situations, foreign policy, security challenges and social developments in the Persian Gulf countries and India's strategic, political, economic and cultural engagements with the region. The book also offers policy recommendations for India based on the current state of affairs. Sameen Hameed is Assistant Professor in Middle Eastern Studies in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Her areas of specialization include the Middle Eastern economy, India's economic relations with the Middle East and energy security issues. She has authored several research and policy papers, and is the editor of Youth Bloom in GCC (2022). Md. Muddassir Quamar is Associate Fellow at Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses and holds a Ph.D. in Middle East studies from Jawaharlal Nehru University. He is a prolific writer on contemporary developments in the Middle East and India-Middle East relations. P. R. Kumaraswamy is Professor of contemporary Middle East in Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi. Since joining JNU in September 1999, he has been researching, teaching, and writing on various aspects of the contemporary Middle East. His works include Squaring the Circle: Mahatma Gandhi and the Jewish National Home (2018) and India's Israel Policy (2010).

Contributed articles compiled in conjunction with Delhi Policy Group