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THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON THE IDEOLOGICAL POSITION THAT THE GDR IS TRYING TO MAINTAIN IN A CHANGING WORLD. THE BALANCE OF POWER IN EUROPE WHICH EAST GERMANY MAINTAINS IS ANALYSED. THE GDR'S ECONOMIC PROWESS IS EXAMINED AS WELL AS AS THE THREE-FOLD SQUEEZE THE ECONOMY FACES: 1) SOVIET PERESTROIKA, 2) EXPORTS TOT HE WEST, AND 3) RISING CONSUMER DEMANDS OF ITS OWN POPULATION EAST GERMANY'S RELATIONSHIP WITH THE USSR. AND THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH ARE EXAMINED THE FACT THAT THE GDR IS NOT RIPE FOR REVOLUTION, BUT HAS ENTERED AN IMPORTANT PHASE OF TRANSITION IS EXPLORED AS THIS CAN BE A CRITICAL DETERMINANT IN THE POST-COLD WAR ORDER IN EUROPE.

THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE HISTORICAL POSITION TAKEN BY THE MAJOR CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS AS FAR BACK AS THE NEW DEAL. THE AUTHORS THE TWO OLDEST AND LARGEST, THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (NAACP) AND THE NATIONAL URBAN LEAGUE (NUL). THEY CONTEND THAT THESE CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS HAVE ALWAYS UNDERSTOOD THE EXISTENCE OF TWO AGENDAS: SOCIAL WELFARE AND CIVIL RIGHTS, AND THEY HAVE ATTEMPTED TO DEAL WITH BOTH. THE STRUGGLE TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS AGENDA IS WELL KNOWN. MUSH LESS IS KNOW WHAT THOSE GROUPS ATTEMPTED TO ACHIEVE REGARDING THE SOCIAL WELFARE AGENDA AND HOW THEY RESPONDED TO THE POLITICAL REALITIES FACING THEM OVER THE DECADES. INDEED, MANY OF THE ARGUMENTS MADE TODAY ABOUT SUBORDINATING THE RACE CONCERN TO THE LARGER SOCIETAL CONCERN WERE MADE DECADES AGO. MANY OF THE WARNINGS ABOUT POLITICAL BACKLASH MADE TODAY WERE MADE DECADES BEFORE. IN OTHER WORDS, HARSH POLITICAL REALITIES FACES IN THE 1990S ARE NOT NEW TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS, WHO HAVE ALWAYS HAD TO BALANCE LEGITIMATE CONCERNS FOR BOTH AGENDAS ON A DELICATE SCALE OF POLITICAL CALCULATION AND PRAGMATIC POLITICS. GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF THIS HISTORY OUGHT TO IMPROVE DISCUSSION OF THE POLITICS OF RACE AND SOCIAL WELFARE TODAY.

THE MOST IMPORTANT LESSON TO BE LEARNED FROM THE RECENT WAR IN THE GULF IS THAT ALTHOUGH THE WAR'S OUTCOME WAS THE RESULT OF THE APPLICATION OF CONCENTRATED MILITARY POWER, THE CONFLICT'S ORIGINS WERE THE RESULT OF A DIFFUSION OF POWER IN THE BROADER SENSE. A SECOND LESSON IS THAT JAPAN AND GERMANY, ERSTWHILE PARTNERS IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER, STILL SHY AWAY FROM EXERCISING THE ROLES OF PARTNERSHIP-IN-LEADERSHIP THAT THE UNITED STATES HAS ENVISAGED FOR THEM. A THIRD LESSON CONCERNS UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT ALLIANCES. AFTER EXAMINING THESE LESSONS IN DEPTH THE ARTICLE STUDIES HOW GERMANY AND JAPAN ARE NOT IDENTICAL AND THEN OFFERS SEVERAL SHIFTS IN MOOD WHICH MUST TAKE PLACE FOR THE ALLIANCE AFTER THE GULF WAR.

Fusion Engineering and Design Vol.88 Nr.9-10, 2177 - 2180 ; his paper focuses on the inter-subsystem communication channels in a prototype distributed remote handling control system at Divertor Test Platform 2 (DTP2). The subsystems are responsible for specific tasks and, over the years, their development has been carried out using various platforms and programming languages. The communication channels between subsystems have different priorities, e.g. very high messaging rate and deterministic timing or high reliability in terms of individual messages. Generally, a control system's communication infrastructure should provide interoperability, scalability, performance and maintainability. An attractive approach to accomplish this is to use a standardized and proven middleware implementation. The selection of a middleware can have a major cost impact in future integration efforts. In this paper we present development done at DTP2 using the Object Management Group's (OMG) standard specification for Data Distribution Service (DDS) for ensuring communications interoperability. DDS has gained a stable foothold especially in the military field. It lacks a centralized broker, thereby avoiding a single-point-of-failure. It also includes an extensive set of Quality of Service (QoS) policies. The standard defines a platform- and programming language independent model and an interoperability wire protocol that enables DDS vendor interoperability, allowing software developers to avoid vendor lock-in situations.