Suchergebnisse

"Between 1949 and 1997, Hong Kong transformed from a struggling British colonial outpost into a global financial capital. Made in Hong Kong delivers a new narrative of this metamorphosis, revealing Hong Kong both as a critical engine in the expansion and remaking of postwar global capitalism and as the linchpin of Sino-U.S. trade since the 1970s. Peter E. Hamilton explores the role of an overlooked transnational Chinese elite who fled to Hong Kong amid war and revolution. Despite losing material possessions, these industrialists, bankers, academics, and other professionals retained crucial connections to the United States. They used these relationships to enmesh themselves and Hong Kong with the U.S. through commercial ties and higher education. By the 1960s, Hong Kong had become a manufacturing powerhouse supplying American consumers, and by the 1970s it was the world's largest sender of foreign students to American colleges and universities. Hong Kong's reorientation toward U.S. international leadership enabled its transplanted Chinese elites to benefit from expanding American influence in Asia and positioned them to act as shepherds to China's reengagement with global capitalism. After China's reforms accelerated under Deng Xiaoping, Hong Kong became a crucial node for China's export-driven development, connecting Chinese labor with the U.S. market. Analyzing untapped archival sources from around the world, this book demonstrates why we cannot understand postwar globalization, China's economic rise, or today's Sino-U.S. trade relationship without centering Hong Kong."

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Language -- Abbreviations -- introduction Made in Hong Kong: Transpacific Networks and a New History of Globalization -- I. Capitalist Transplants: Elite Refugees and the First Reorientations of Hong Kong -- II. Christian Transplants: Nonelite Refugees and American Educational Outreach -- III. Cold War Partners: Hong Kong's "Refugee Colleges" and American Aid -- IV. The Turning Point: Li Choh- ming and Kuashang Strategies at Chinese University -- V. Decolonization by Investment: American Social and Financial Capital in Hong Kong -- VI. The Kuashang Effect: American Social Capital and Hong Kong's 1970s Takeoff -- VII. Leading the Way: Kuashang Brokers in China, 1971– 1982 -- VIII. The Gatekeepers: Kuashang Strategies and a New Global Order, 1982– 1992 -- Conclusion -- Abbreviations in Notes -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

AbstractThis article restores early colonial Hong Kong to a key role in the history of capitalism and the integration of the Pacific. It argues that in the 1840s Hong Kong became the first identifiably capitalist Chinese society and a nexus between the China coast and both the expanding British and US imperial systems. It first demonstrates how Hong Kong's colonial regime swiftly re‐structured the island's social‐property relations and scaffolded its residents toward the ceaseless accumulation of capital. It then examines how this nascent node of Chinese capitalism integrated with the westward expansion of American capitalism amid the California Gold Rush and concludes by analyzing how Hong Kong's transpacific networks facilitated the expansion of capitalist systems into late nineteenth‐century China, most especially Shanghai.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction: Integrating the Pacific -- Part I. China and Ocean Worlds -- 1. A Very Long Early Modern? Asia and Its Oceans, 1000-1850 / John E. Wills, Jr. -- 2. Transatlantic and Transpacific Connections in Early American History / Kariann Akemi Yokota -- Part II. Circuits and Diaspora -- 3. The Pacific Ocean as Highway to Gold Mountain: The Hong Kong Connection, 1850-1900 / Elizabeth Sinn -- 4. Pop Gingle's Cold War / Peter E. Hamilton -- 5. Chinese and American Collaborations through Educational Exchange during the Era of Exclusion, 1872-1955 / Madeline Y. Hsu -- 6. Japanese Reinvention of Self through Hawai'i's Japanese Americans / Yujin Yaguchi -- 7. Fighting the Postwar in Little Saigon / Phuong Nguyen -- Part III. Racism and Imperialism -- 8. Transpacific Accommodation and the Defense of Asian Immigrants / Lon Kurashige -- 9. Kilsoo Haan, American Intelligence, and the Anticipated Japanese Invasion of California, 1931-1943 / Brian Masaru Hayashi -- 10. Transpacific Adoption: The Korean War, US Missionaries, and Cold War Liberalism / Susie Woo -- 11. Inter-Imperial Relations, the Pacific, and Asian American History / Augusto Espiritu -- 12. Japanese Immigrant Settler Colonialism and the Construction of a US National Security Regime against the Transborder "Yellow Peril" / Eiichiro Azuma -- Part IV. Islands and the Pacific Rim -- 13. How the Portuguese Became White: The Racial Politics of Pre-Annexation Hawai'i / Christen T. Sasaki -- 14. Who Closed the Sea? Archipelagoes of Amnesia between the United States and Japan / Greg Dvorak -- 15. Japanese Commemorations of World War II in the Mariana Islands / Keith L. Camacho -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.