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By 2010, Swazi society was experiencing severe economic hardship since the country was experiencing the worse fiscal crisis in its history. These economic hardships were partly an aftermath of the 2008 world financial crisis, but overall, it can be seen as a product of internal developments. Some scholars analyzed the factors behind the crisis, revealing its intensity and different dimensions.1 However, these scholars did not reveal how Swazi society reacted to the crisis. This article interrogates this neglected subject by focusing on the protests that took place in the country and the manner in which the state responded to these protests. The main objective is to reveal social agency, showing that the Swazi were not simply passive victims of the crisis, but stood up to express their feelings and preferences. The protests were directed towards the state which was accused of causing the crisis and failing to manage it. The article integrates human agency in the analysis of the crisis in contrast to the predominantly economistic approach adopted in the existing literature.

Swaziland was connected to the Allied conduct of the Second World War through colonial ties and about four thousand Swazi men were recruited to serve in the war. Historians are beginning to analyse the different ways in which Swazi society was shaped and probably changed by the events of the war. However, no research has been conducted to show how Swazi civilians were affected by the events of the war and how they responded. This article contributes toward closing this research gap by interrogating the negative impact of economic remittances on family relation. The article focuses on family conflicts that surrounded authority over remittances at family level and how the remittances were utilized. Much as there are positive impacts of remittances from war service, they do not form part of the subject of the article. The article argues that remittances from employment in the Second World War negatively affected Swazi families as it resulted in conflicts that left families divided for a long time or permanently. This argument integrates a neglected angle of the impact of the war on Swazi society. While the argument of the article is built around remittances from employment in the Second World War, it is contextualized within the broader literature on the impact of remittances. The research methodologies employed for data collection are archival and qualitative.

Jonathan Edwards' New England theology has a great deal more to say that is of contemporary doctrinal interest than it is often credited with, particularly as it relates to the doctrine of atonement. This article explores several anomalous claims made be this 18th and 19th century tradition, and in this way, challenges the recent and growing consensus that Edwards espoused the penal substitution model and his successors a moral government model. I argue that of all that is yet to be considered about their doctrine of atonement, we ought to begin with those claims made about the nature and demands of divine justice.

Abstract Background Nigeria's rural coastline communities have long suffered from the consequences of both poor rural electrification and environmental degradation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an optimal sustainable and environment-friendly energy system for the coastline communities in Nigeria, which has the potential of ameliorating the climate change in this country. Methods The HOMER hybrid optimisation software and multi-criteria decision-making, based on the TOPSIS algorithm, were used to determine the best hybrid energy system. The decision is based on four alternatives as well as 15 different economic, social and environmental criteria. The NASA SEE data base with monthly averaged values for global horizontal radiation over a 22-year period (July 1983–June 2005) was considered in the current analysis. Results The results show that the most promising hybrid energy system, based on a multi-criteria decision analysis and prevailing economic data, is the diesel-PV-wind energy system, which has a relative closeness of 0.489226. The suggested best hybrid energy system has a cost of electricity of 0.787 $/kWh and potential to reduce gas emission by 48.5 %/year. The best energy system gives the best components with an appropriate operating strategy to provide an efficient, reliable, cost-effective and environment-friendly system. It is shown that both positive energy policies of the Federal Government of Nigeria towards renewable energy penetration and the support from the oil producing companies towards their operational areas would see the cost of electricity being significantly reduced. Conclusions It is envisaged that the implementation of the suggested energy system with other environmentally responsible interventions would support the Niger Delta coastline communities, whose livelihoods have been impaired by gas and oil exploration, to attain their full environmental, social and economic potentials. The suggested energy system could be useful in other coastline communities globally once there are available renewable energy sources.

This title introduces readers to the job of search and rescue. A short history of the profession is included, and various search and rescue jobs are examined such as air-sea, mountain, cave, flood, urban, wilderness, and canine. Education and training needed to become a search and rescue team member is covered, such as programs at the National Association for Search and Rescue and Community Emergency Response Team programs. Xtreme facts provide additional information on this exciting job. Aligned to Common Core Standards and correlated to state standards. A&D Xtreme is an imprint of ABDO Publishing Company, a division of ABDO