Suchergebnisse

Originally published in 1964, in this work of wisdom, originality, and power, the great Liberal scholar, J. L. Hammond, explores and expounds Gladstone's attempt to secure justice for Ireland against the rising tide of English Imperialist feeling. The origins of the Irish Church crisis of 1869, of the land agitations of the seventies and eighties, and of the Home Rule explosion of 1885-6 that disrupted the British party system, are traced back, by Hammond's mastery of the archives, to their historical causes. His imaginative sympathy accompanies Gladstone on the eight years of political suffering that followed the explosion, till at the age of eighty-four the Grand Old Man could finally retire. In the new 1964 introduction to this reprint of the rare 1938 edition, this work is described as the most formidable and incisive piece of original research yet published on the history of England and Ireland in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Focusing on the period of Milton Friedman's collaboration with Anna J. Schwartz, from 1948 to 1991, this 1996 work examines the history of debates between Friedman and his critics over money's causal role in business cycles. Professor Hammond shows that critics' reactions were grounded in two distinctive features of Friedman and Schwartz's way of doing economic analysis - their National Bureau business cycle methods and Friedman's Marshallian methodology. With the post-war dominance of Cowles Commission methods and Walrasian methodology, Friedman and Schwartz's monetary economics appeared to contemporary critics to be 'measurement without theory'. Drawing extensively upon unpublished materials, Professor Hammond's treatment offers new insights on Milton Friedman's attempts to settle debates with his critics and his eventual recognition of the methodological impediments. The book will interest monetary economists and macroeconomists, as well as historians of economics and methodologists

This article is an analytical history of Paul Samuelson's writings on the theory of public goods and the role of government. We examine Samuelson's scholarly work from "The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure" (1954) to "Pure Theory of Public Expenditure and Taxation" (1969). We also briefly consider his treatment of public expenditure in Economics: An Introductory Analysis over the same period. We find that from the beginning of his career to the end of the 1960s Samuelson moved from optimism that a new age of scientific progress in economics was imminent to a view so pessimistic that he described it as nihilistic. This suggests that Samuelson's project of mathematizing and formalizing economic theory was a scientific failure.

Fr. John A. Ryan (1869–1945) was one of the early advocates of minimum wage laws in the United States. The thesis of this paper is that in three respects Fr. Ryan stood apart from other advocates of the minimum wage. First, during the period of his work, economics was developing on the basis of the positivist conception of science. Fr. Ryan's case for the minimum wage combined economics with "non-scientific" theology and philosophy. Second, most religiously motivated American reformers were Protestants, and their advocacy was grounded in the Protestant Social Gospel movement. This was different from Fr. Ryan's grounding in the social encyclicals of Popes Leo XIII and Pius XI, which themselves were grounded in the Catholic Church's constant teaching that man is made in the image of God. Third, many reformers were motivated not at all by religion, but by the utilitarian calculus that had become the foundation of the social sciences. Although Fr. Ryan made utilitarian judgments in his analysis, he was not an ethical utilitarian.

Abstract.  Sandra Peart and David Levy emphasize the role of economists in their excellent history of the debate between philosophers and scientists and economists and evangelicals over race and hierarchy in 19th‐century Britain. Evangelical Christians have a role as allies with economists, and also Jews, but as a racial rather than a religious group. Religion, which has much to say about what it means to be human, remains in the shadows of Peart and Levy's account. The purpose of this paper is to make a start at casting light on the role of religion in the debate over race and hierarchy in 19th‐century England.