Suchergebnisse

1. From organized anarchy to controlled structure : effects of planning on the garbage-can decision processes -- 2. Effects of planning on the garbage-can decision processes : a reformulation and extension -- 3. A spatial garbage-can model -- 4. An agent-based approach to comparing institutional and spatial changes in the self-organizing city -- 5. On traction rules of complex structures in one-dimensional cellular automata : some implications for urban change -- 6. Applying cellular automata to simulate spatial game interactions to investigate effects of planning -- 7. Planning for city safety and creativity : two metaphors -- 8. Emergent macro-structures of path-dependent location adoptions processes of firms -- 9. The formation of urban settlement systems : computer experiments and mathematical proofs of the increasing-returns approach to power law -- 10. Power law distribution of human settlements : an explanation based on increasing returns -- 11. A preliminary exploration on self-organized criticality of urban complex spatial systems -- 12. Planning in complex spatial and temporal systems : a simulation framework -- 13. Decision network : a planning tool for making multiple, linked decisions -- 14. Effectiveness of plans in the face of complexity.

Rapid urban land growth has been a major characteristic of urbanization in China since reform and open-door policies began in the late 1970s. Due to its unique political system, historical experience, and geographic conditions, urban land growth in China is still characterized by short periods of land acquisition, large-scale land development, and large-scale industrial use. Although urban land use is basically a local issue for cities, many important policies are also framed by the Chinese central government to ensure that national interests are protected. Following a review of urban land growth in China, this study found that the role of the central government in urban land growth has been changing in recent years. The once exclusive objective of ensuring urban economic development has been replaced by multi-objective considerations of economic, social, and environmental issues, addressing both urban and rural interests in the process of urban land growth. This transition has also greatly influenced the policies of city governments, which has in turn influenced local land use patterns. However, attaining these multiple objectives is becoming increasingly difficult. This paper examines the underlying causes of this shift and discusses various approaches to adjusting the future role of the central government.

This article introduces the Chinese bookstore-café, which indicates a change of lifestyle occurring in the contemporary big cities of China. Based on the concept of "third place," which was first introduced by sociologist Ray Oldenburg to indicate places that are neither home nor a workplace, we argue that the bookstore-café represents the emergence of a new lifestyle. Oldenburg's "third place" concept is deployed as a framework to explore the role of the bookstore-café in Hangzhou, China, based on a study conducted at three popular bookstore-cafés in central Hangzhou, to clarify its involvement in urban life. As part of the study, we used the observational method to help determine consumers' visual behavior and an on-site survey questionnaire to collect data for measuring the qualities of the bookstore-café. The research findings contribute profound insights into the bookstore-café in Chinese urban life and deepen our understanding of Oldenburg's "third place" concept.