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This paper examines the formation of India's energy-policy strategy as an act of doubleedged diplomacy. After developing an analytical framework based on the two-level game approach to international relations (IR), it focuses on the domestic context of policy preference formation. India's energy strategy is shaped by a shortage of energy and the scarcity of indigenous reserves; these problems have together resulted in a growing import dependence in order to sustain economic growth rates, outdated cross-subsidies, overregulation, and nontransparent bureaucratic structures which are adverse to private investment. The Indian government still dominates the energy sector, but large electoral constituencies within the country exert a considerable indirect influence. The paper analyzes how all these domestic necessities combine with India's general foreign policy goals and traditions to form an overall energy strategy. We finally discuss how this strategy plays out in a competitive international environment where global resources are shrinking (with most claims already distributed) and environmental concerns are on the rise. ; Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Herausbildung der indischen Energiestrategie unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Mehrebenen-Diplomatie. Zunächst wird ein Analyserahmen - aufbauend auf der Literatur zu 'Two Level Games' in den Internationalen Beziehungen (IB) - entwickelt und anschließend die innenpolitischen Einflüsse auf den Prozess der Präferenzbildung erörtert. Die indische Energiestrategie wird sowohl von Energieknappheit als auch mangelnden eigenen Reserven geprägt. Dies hat aufgrund des rasanten Wirtschaftswachstums, durch überholte Subventionen, Überregulierung sowie intransparente bürokratische Strukturen - was wiederum private Investoren abschreckt - zu mehr Importabhängigkeit geführt. Die Regierung ist nach wie vor der wichtigste Akteur auf dem indischen Energiemarkt, jedoch üben bestimmte Wählergruppen indirekt einen beachtenswerten Einfluss aus. Die Autorin und der Autor analysieren darüber hinaus, wie die verschiedenen internen Faktoren mit Indiens allgemeinen außenpolitischen Zielen und Traditionen zusammenwirken und sich in eine umfassende energiepolitische Strategie einfügen. Abschließend diskutieren sie, wie sich diese Strategie im internationalen Wettbewerb vor dem Hintergrund schwindender Energieressourcen und zunehmender Beachtung der Umweltproblematik entfaltet.

The article explores the Obama administration's multi-factored policy regarding Asia. The author introduces the United States' current involvement and affairs, regarding the Middle East, Afghanistan, Central and South Asia, East Asia and China, Taiwan, Japan and the Korean peninsula. By focusing on commercial, military and political factors, the author highlights the hot spots: China-Taiwan (weapons and trade), North-South Korea and Japan (terrorism, weapons of mass destruction and nuclear weapons) and the post 9-11 policies focused on Afghanistan, Pakistan and India; as well as Central Asia and the regions' concerns and processes toward democratization. In concluding the article, the author reiterates each of the aforementioned points in mapping the strategy of the current US president's administration. M. Diem

This paper examines the formation of India's energy-policy strategy as an act of doubleedged diplomacy. After developing an analytical framework based on the two-level game approach to international relations (IR), it focuses on the domestic context of policy preference formation. India's energy strategy is shaped by a shortage of energy and the scarcity of indigenous reserves; these problems have together resulted in a growing import dependence in order to sustain economic growth rates, outdated cross-subsidies, overregulation, and nontransparent bureaucratic structures which are adverse to private investment. The Indian government still dominates the energy sector, but large electoral constituencies within the country exert a considerable indirect influence. The paper analyzes how all these domestic necessities combine with India's general foreign policy goals and traditions to form an overall energy strategy. We finally discuss how this strategy plays out in a competitive international environment where global resources are shrinking (with most claims already distributed) and environmental concerns are on the rise. -- preferences in two-level games ; Indian foreign policy ; energy security