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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- 1 Breakdown theory and intellectual history: An introduction to the relevant issues -- 2 Points of reference in Marx's theory of capitalist development -- Marx's critique of classical political economy: The creation of logical space -- The law of the tendency of a falling rate of profit -- Crises and underconsumption -- Breakdown and the open dialectic: The status of laws -- 3 Breakdown theory in the Second International: The political construction of the orthodox concept -- Capital in the context of the first Great Depression, 1873-1895 -- The revisionist assault and the postulation of breakdown theory -- The orthodox response -- 4 Neo-orthodoxy and the general analysis of a politicized economy -- Finance capital: Reinstating the dialectic -- Permanent crisis and class consciousness -- The emergence of anti-orthodox forms in Europe -- 5 Breakdown theory and the American Marxists: The theoretical spectrum of the early years -- Resistance to revisionism -- Anti-orthodox beginnings -- Neo-orthodoxy and the second Great Depression, 1929-1939 -- 6 The anti-orthodox response to crash and recovery: Superstructural models of collapse -- Anti-orthodoxy and the rejection of economic primacy: Critical theory -- Anti-orthodoxy and the rejection of historical specificity: French structuralism -- Neo-orthodox continuations: The submerged tradition -- 7 Breakdown theory and the American Marxists: Abandonment and retrieval in the post-war period -- The tenuous nature of post-war neo-orthodoxy -- Neo-orthodox mediations -- 8 Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

SINCE ITS RE-EMERGENCE AS AN INDEPENDENT STATE, RUSSIA HAS FOLLOWED CLOSELY THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD, ESPECIALLY CENTRAL ASIA. MOSCOW HAS DEVOTED A GREAT DEAL OF ATTENTION TO CENTRAL ASIAN AFFAIRS AND HAS SHOWN CONCERN ABOUT THE POTENTIAL OF AN ISLAMIC THREAT TO RUSSIAN NATIONAL SECURITY. IN THIS ESSAY, THE AUTHOR EXAMINES THE OFFICIAL RUSSIAN CONCEPT OF CONTEMPORARY CENTRAL ASIAN ISLAM FROM 1992 ONWARD. HE RELIES ON POLICY REPORTS ISSUED BY RUSSIAN SECURITY AGENCIES, POLITICAL MEASURES THAT HAVE BEEN IMPLEMENTED, AND STATEMENTS BY PRESIDENT BORIS YELTSIN AND OTHER GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.

A rapid coal phase-out is needed to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, but is hindered by serious challenges ranging from vested interests to the risks of social disruption. To understand how to organize a global coal phase-out, it is crucial to go beyond cost-effective climate mitigation scenarios and learn from the experience of previous coal transitions. Despite the relevance of the topic, evidence remains fragmented throughout different research fields, and not easily accessible. To address this gap, this paper provides a systematic map and comprehensive review of the literature on historical coal transitions. We use computer-assisted systematic mapping and review methods to chart and evaluate the available evidence on historical declines in coal production and consumption. We extracted a dataset of 278 case studies from 194 publications, covering coal transitions in 44 countries and ranging from the end of the 19th century until 2021. We find a relatively recent and rapidly expanding body of literature reflecting the growing importance of an early coal phase-out in scientific and political debates. Previous evidence has primarily focused on the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany, while other countries that experienced large coal declines, like those in Eastern Europe, are strongly underrepresented. An increasing number of studies, mostly published in the last 5 years, has been focusing on China. Most of the countries successfully reducing coal dependency have undergone both demand-side and supply-side transitions. This supports the use of policy approaches targeting both demand and supply to achieve a complete coal phase-out. From a political economy perspective, our dataset highlights that most transitions are driven by rising production costs for coal, falling prices for alternative energies, or local environmental concerns, especially regarding air pollution. The main challenges for coal-dependent regions are structural change transformations, in particular for industry and labor. Rising ...

As current action remains insufficient to meet the goals of the Paris agreement let alone to stabilize the climate, there is increasing hope that solutions related to demand, services and social aspects of climate change mitigation can close the gap. However, given these topics are not investigated by a single epistemic community, the literature base underpinning the associated research continues to be undefined. Here, we aim to delineate a plausible body of literature capturing a comprehensive spectrum of demand, services and social aspects of climate change mitigation. As method we use a novel double-stacked expert-machine learning research architecture and expert evaluation to develop a typology and map key messages relevant for climate change mitigation within this body of literature. First, relying on the official key words provided to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change by governments (across 17 queries), and on specific investigations of domain experts (27 queries), we identify 121 165 non-unique and 99 065 unique academic publications covering issues relevant for demand-side mitigation. Second, we identify a literature typology with four key clusters: policy, housing, mobility, and food/consumption. Third, we systematically extract key content-based insights finding that the housing literature emphasizes social and collective action, whereas the food/consumption literatures highlight behavioral change, but insights also demonstrate the dynamic relationship between behavioral change and social norms. All clusters point to the possibility of improved public health as a result of demand-side solutions. The centrality of the policy cluster suggests that political actions are what bring the different specific approaches together. Fourth, by mapping the underlying epistemic communities we find that researchers are already highly interconnected, glued together by common interests in sustainability and energy demand. We conclude by outlining avenues for interdisciplinary collaboration, synthetic analysis, community building, and by suggesting next steps for evaluating this body of literature.

As current action remains insufficient to meet the goals of the Paris agreement let alone to stabilize the climate, there is increasing hope that solutions related to demand, services and social aspects of climate change mitigation can close the gap. However, given these topics are not investigated by a single epistemic community, the literature base underpinning the associated research continues to be undefined. Here, we aim to delineate a plausible body of literature capturing a comprehensive spectrum of demand, services and social aspects of climate change mitigation. As method we use a novel double-stacked expert-machine learning research architecture and expert evaluation to develop a typology and map key messages relevant for climate change mitigation within this body of literature. First, relying on the official key words provided to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change by governments (across 17 queries), and on specific investigations of domain experts (27 queries), we identify 121 165 non-unique and 99 065 unique academic publications covering issues relevant for demand-side mitigation. Second, we identify a literature typology with four key clusters: policy, housing, mobility, and food/consumption. Third, we systematically extract key content-based insights finding that the housing literature emphasizes social and collective action, whereas the food/consumption literatures highlight behavioral change, but insights also demonstrate the dynamic relationship between behavioral change and social norms. All clusters point to the possibility of improved public health as a result of demand-side solutions. The centrality of the policy cluster suggests that political actions are what bring the different specific approaches together. Fourth, by mapping the underlying epistemic communities we find that researchers are already highly interconnected, glued together by common interests in sustainability and energy demand. We conclude by outlining avenues for interdisciplinary collaboration, synthetic analysis, community building, and by suggesting next steps for evaluating this body of literature.